The Alfa Romeo Boxer engine was a water-cooled
flat-4
A flat-four engine, also known as a horizontally opposed-four engine, is a four-cylinder piston engine with two banks of cylinders lying on opposite sides of a common crankshaft. The most common type of flat-four engine is the boxer-four engine, ...
piston engine
A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is typically a heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert high temperature and high pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common featu ...
developed by Alfa Romeo for
front-wheel drive
Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, where the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front-wheel drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional longit ...
,
longitudinal
Longitudinal is a geometric term of location which may refer to:
* Longitude
** Line of longitude, also called a meridian
* Longitudinal engine, an internal combustion engine in which the crankshaft is oriented along the long axis of the vehicle, ...
applications.
It debuted on the
Alfasud, which was introduced in 1971 at the
Turin Motor Show
The Turin Motor Show ( it, Salone dell'Automobile di Torino) was an auto show held annually in Turin, Italy. The first official show took place between 21 and 24 April 1900, at the Castle of Valentino, becoming a permanent fixture in Turin from 1 ...
.
In the following decades the Boxer went through several upgrades and powered many Alfa Romeo front-wheel drive cars up to 1996 (not the 164). In 1997 it was phased out and replaced by the
transversely-mounted Twin Spark engines.
Description
This
liquid-cooled
Liquid cooling refers to cooling by means of the convection or circulation of a liquid.
Examples of liquid cooling technologies include:
* Cooling by convection or circulation of coolant, including water cooling
* Liquid cooling and ventilatio ...
, four cylinder,
boxer Boxer most commonly refers to:
* Boxer (boxing), a competitor in the sport of boxing
*Boxer (dog), a breed of dog
Boxer or boxers may also refer to:
Animal kingdom
* Boxer crab
* Boxer shrimp, a small group of decapod crustaceans
* Boxer snipe ee ...
(horizontally opposed) engine had a
belt-driven water pump. Its integrated cast iron
cylinder block
In an internal combustion engine, the engine block is the structure which contains the cylinders and other components. In an early automotive engine, the engine block consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was attac ...
and
crankcase
In a piston engine, the crankcase is the housing that surrounds the crankshaft. In most modern engines, the crankcase is integrated into the engine block.
Two-stroke engines typically use a crankcase-compression design, resulting in the fuel/a ...
had three
main bearing
Main may refer to:
Geography
* Main River (disambiguation)
**Most commonly the Main (river) in Germany
* Main, Iran, a village in Fars Province
*"Spanish Main", the Caribbean coasts of mainland Spanish territories in the 16th and 17th centuries
...
s. The two aluminum alloy
crossflow cylinder head
A crossflow cylinder head is a cylinder head that features the intake and exhaust ports on opposite sides. The gases can be thought to flow across the head. This is in contrast to reverse-flow cylinder head designs that have the ports on the same ...
s had one or two
overhead camshaft
An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion c ...
in each, driven by individual
timing belts, and
two valves per cylinder (four valves per cylinder in the
1700 16V version).
Wet sump
Within piston engines, a wet sump is part of a lubrication system whereby the crankcase sump is used as an integral oil reservoir. An alternative system is the dry sump, whereby oil is pumped from a shallow sump into an external reservoir.Wet sum ...
lubrication.
The fuel delivery system depended on version: a single-barrel downdraft
carburetor
A carburetor (also spelled carburettor) is a device used by an internal combustion engine to control and mix air and fuel entering the engine. The primary method of adding fuel to the intake air is through the venturi tube in the main meteri ...
; one or two double-barrel downdraft carburetors;
Bosch LE 3.1 Jetronic fuel injection (8 valve engines).;
or Bosch
Motronic ML 4.1 fuel injection (16 valve engines).
1200
The original engine displaced (72 cu.in.) with an bore and stroke and produced between .
Applications:
* 1971–1983
Alfa Romeo Alfasud
The Alfa Romeo Alfasud (Type 901, 902 and 904) is a small family car manufactured and marketed from 1971 to 1989 by Alfa Romeo as a front-engine, four-door, five-passenger entry-level model over a single generation — with facelifts in 1977 a ...
* 1984–1986
Alfa Romeo Arna
The Alfa Romeo Arna (an acronym for "Alfa Romeo Nissan Autoveicoli", meaning "Alfa Romeo issan motor vehicles", but also a female Italian name) (Type 920) is a hatchback produced by the Italian manufacturer Alfa Romeo Nissan Autoveicoli S.p.A. be ...
* 1984–1986
Nissan Cherry Europe (rebadged Alfa Romeo Arna, sold also as Nissan Pulsar Milano on the
Japanese market)
* 1983–1986
Alfa Romeo 33
The Alfa Romeo 33 (Type 905 and 907) is a small family car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo between 1983 and 1995. From a mechanical standpoint it was essentially an evolution of its predecessor, the Alfasud, whose floorpan, chassi ...
(late versions for export only)
1300
The engine was stroked up to to create the version. This engine produced .
A version of this engine (engine type 901.U0) was fitted with a catalytic converter, air injection, and
evaporative emissions controls and received Californian emissions certification in 1976. The Alfasud was nonetheless never exported to the United States.
Applications:
* 1977–1983
Alfa Romeo Alfasud
The Alfa Romeo Alfasud (Type 901, 902 and 904) is a small family car manufactured and marketed from 1971 to 1989 by Alfa Romeo as a front-engine, four-door, five-passenger entry-level model over a single generation — with facelifts in 1977 a ...
* 1977–1983
Alfa Romeo Sprint
The Alfa Romeo Alfasud Sprint (later only Alfa Romeo Sprint) is a boxer-engined coupé produced by the Italian manufacturer Alfa Romeo from 1976 to 1989, and based on the Alfa Romeo Alfasud. 116,552 units of the Alfasud Sprint and Sprint were bui ...
1400
The was usually labelled a "1.3" in spite of its displacement. It produced with one or two double-barrel carburettors.
It retained the bore but used the 1500s
crankshaft
A crankshaft is a mechanical component used in a piston engine to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The crankshaft is a rotating shaft containing one or more crankpins, that are driven by the pistons via the connecting ...
.
Applications:
* 1978–1983
Alfa Romeo Alfasud
The Alfa Romeo Alfasud (Type 901, 902 and 904) is a small family car manufactured and marketed from 1971 to 1989 by Alfa Romeo as a front-engine, four-door, five-passenger entry-level model over a single generation — with facelifts in 1977 a ...
* 1978–1989
Alfa Romeo Sprint
The Alfa Romeo Alfasud Sprint (later only Alfa Romeo Sprint) is a boxer-engined coupé produced by the Italian manufacturer Alfa Romeo from 1976 to 1989, and based on the Alfa Romeo Alfasud. 116,552 units of the Alfasud Sprint and Sprint were bui ...
* 1983–1995
Alfa Romeo 33
The Alfa Romeo 33 (Type 905 and 907) is a small family car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo between 1983 and 1995. From a mechanical standpoint it was essentially an evolution of its predecessor, the Alfasud, whose floorpan, chassi ...
* 1994–1997
Alfa Romeo 145
* 1995–1997
Alfa Romeo 146
The Alfa Romeo 145 (Type 930A) and the Alfa Romeo 146 (Type 930B) are small family cars produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Alfa Romeo between 1994 and 2000. The 145 is a three-door hatchback and was launched at the 1994 Turin Motor Show ...
1500
From 1978 until October 1986, the largest member of the family was the "1500" with bore and stroke.
It was built until 1995 and produced .
This is the largest engine to have been installed in Alfasuds.
[Honest John]
Alfa Romeo Alfasud and Sprint - Classic Car Review , Honest John
accessdate: 28. June 2018
Applications:
* 1978–1983
Alfa Romeo Alfasud
The Alfa Romeo Alfasud (Type 901, 902 and 904) is a small family car manufactured and marketed from 1971 to 1989 by Alfa Romeo as a front-engine, four-door, five-passenger entry-level model over a single generation — with facelifts in 1977 a ...
* 1978–1989
Alfa Romeo Sprint
The Alfa Romeo Alfasud Sprint (later only Alfa Romeo Sprint) is a boxer-engined coupé produced by the Italian manufacturer Alfa Romeo from 1976 to 1989, and based on the Alfa Romeo Alfasud. 116,552 units of the Alfasud Sprint and Sprint were bui ...
* 1984–1986
Alfa Romeo Arna
The Alfa Romeo Arna (an acronym for "Alfa Romeo Nissan Autoveicoli", meaning "Alfa Romeo issan motor vehicles", but also a female Italian name) (Type 920) is a hatchback produced by the Italian manufacturer Alfa Romeo Nissan Autoveicoli S.p.A. be ...
* 1983–1995
Alfa Romeo 33
The Alfa Romeo 33 (Type 905 and 907) is a small family car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo between 1983 and 1995. From a mechanical standpoint it was essentially an evolution of its predecessor, the Alfasud, whose floorpan, chassi ...
* 1985–1986
Clan Clover
* 1984–1986
Nissan Cherry Europe
1600
The produced . Bore and stroke is .
[''Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1992'', pp. 10–11]
Applications:
* 1994–1997
Alfa Romeo 145
* 1995–1997
Alfa Romeo 146
The Alfa Romeo 145 (Type 930A) and the Alfa Romeo 146 (Type 930B) are small family cars produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Alfa Romeo between 1994 and 2000. The 145 is a three-door hatchback and was launched at the 1994 Turin Motor Show ...
1700
In October 1986 the engine was increased in size to (104 cu.in), it was used in the 33 and later Sprints, power was between .
Bore and stroke is .
Applications:
* October 1986 – 1995
Alfa Romeo 33
The Alfa Romeo 33 (Type 905 and 907) is a small family car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo between 1983 and 1995. From a mechanical standpoint it was essentially an evolution of its predecessor, the Alfasud, whose floorpan, chassi ...
* October 1986 – 1989
Alfa Romeo Sprint
The Alfa Romeo Alfasud Sprint (later only Alfa Romeo Sprint) is a boxer-engined coupé produced by the Italian manufacturer Alfa Romeo from 1976 to 1989, and based on the Alfa Romeo Alfasud. 116,552 units of the Alfasud Sprint and Sprint were bui ...
[Quattroruote.it]
ALFA ROMEO Sprint 1.7 Quadrifoglio Verde - In commercio da 11/1987 a 11/1989 - Quattroruote.it
accessdate: 28. June 2018
1700 16V
In January 1990 a quad-cam 16-valve version of the venerable boxer was introduced; it was the most powerful to date, with with or without
catalytic converter
A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device that converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction. Catalytic converters are usually ...
s. Only available in fuel-injected form, the 1.7 16V was equipped with the Bosch Motronic ML 4.1 system.
The last Alfa Romeo flat-four engine was produced in 1997, after a run of 26 years.
Applications:
* January 1990 – 1995
Alfa Romeo 33
The Alfa Romeo 33 (Type 905 and 907) is a small family car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo between 1983 and 1995. From a mechanical standpoint it was essentially an evolution of its predecessor, the Alfasud, whose floorpan, chassi ...
(2nd generation)
* 1994–1997
Alfa Romeo 145
* 1995–1997
Alfa Romeo 146
The Alfa Romeo 145 (Type 930A) and the Alfa Romeo 146 (Type 930B) are small family cars produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Alfa Romeo between 1994 and 2000. The 145 is a three-door hatchback and was launched at the 1994 Turin Motor Show ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alfa Romeo Boxer engine
Boxer Boxer most commonly refers to:
* Boxer (boxing), a competitor in the sport of boxing
*Boxer (dog), a breed of dog
Boxer or boxers may also refer to:
Animal kingdom
* Boxer crab
* Boxer shrimp, a small group of decapod crustaceans
* Boxer snipe ee ...
Boxer engines
Gasoline engines by model