Alexei Nikolaevich Leontyev

Aleksei Nikolayevich Leontiev ( rus, Алексе́й Никола́евич Лео́нтьев, p=lʲɪˈonʲtʲjɪf; February 18, 1903 – January 21, 1979), was a Soviet developmental psychologist and philosopher and a founder of activity theory.

Biography

Aleksei Leontiev's life was closely linked to the Lomonosov Moscow State University (MGU). In 1921, he began his studies at the historical-philological faculty of the university. The historical-philological faculty, at the time, included a Department of Philosophy at which Georgy Chelpanov was teaching psychology, and Leontiev studied psychology with him. In 1924, Leontiev graduated from what became the Faculty of Social Sciences. Leontiev worked with Lev Vygotsky and Alexander Luria from 1924 to 1930, collaborating on the development of Marxist psychology as a response to behaviorism and the focus on the stimulus-response mechanism as an explanation for human behavior. Leontiev left Vygotsky's group in Moscow in 1931, to take up a position in Kharkiv. He continued to work with Vygotsky for some time but, eventually, there was a split, although they continued to communicate with one another on scientific matters (Veer and Valsiner, 1991). Leontiev returned to Moscow in 1934. Later, he became the Head of the Psychology Department at the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University. In 1966, Leontiev became the first ever Dean of the newly established Faculty of Psychology at the Moscow State University, where he worked until his death in 1979.

Scientific work

Leontiev's early scientific work was done in the framework of Vygotsky's cultural-historical research program and focused on the exploration of the phenomenon of cultural mediation. Representative of this period is Leontiev's study on mediated memory in children and adults ''The development of higher forms of memory'', 1931.

Leontiev's own research school is based on a thorough psychological analysis of the phenomenon of activity. Systematic development of the psychological foundations of activity theory was started in the 1930s by Kharkiv group of psychologists headed by Leontiev and included such researchers as Zaporozhets, Galperin, Zinchenko, Bozhovich, Asnin, Lukov, etc. In its fullest form, activity theory was subsequently developed and institutionalized as the leading psychological doctrine in the Soviet Union in the post-war period after Leontiev had moved to Moscow and took a position at the Moscow State University.

For Leontiev, the psychological macrostructure of 'activity' consisted of those processes "that realize a person's actual life in the objective world by which he is surrounded, his social being in all the richness and variety of its forms" (Leontiev 1977). The core of Leontiev's work is the proposal that we can examine human processes from the perspective of their psychological macrostructure in three interrelated units. The stimulating unit is that of ''activity'' and ''motives'' that drive it. The behavior-orientation unit is that of ''actions'' and their associated ''goals'', and the conditional unit is the analysis of ''operations'' that serve as ''means'' for the achievement of actions goals.

Leontiev's texts online

In English
* Problems of the Development of the Mind, 1959 (1st ed.), 1965 (2nd ed.), 1972 (3rd ed.), 1981 (4th ed.); translated in English in 1981:

''The problem of the origin of sensation''
(pp. 7–53). In Problems of the Development of the Mind. (Trans. M. Kopylova) Moscow: Progress Publishers


(pp. 156–326). Problems of the Development of the Mind. (Trans. M. Kopylova) Moscow: Progress Publishers.
Alexei Leont'ev archive @ marxists.org.uk



1977


1978

The Development of Mind
1981
In Russian
* Леонтьев А.Н. (1947)

* Леонтьев А.Н. (1977)

( ttp://lib.ru/PSIHO/LEONTIEV/dsl.txt ''idem''
* Леонтьев А.Н. (2000)
Лекции по общей психологии
* Леонтьев А. Н. (1978)
Воля
* Леонтьев А. Н. (1986)

External links

In English
* Wertsch, J. V. The Concept of Activity in Soviet Psychology. Sharpe, 1981.
* Veer, R.v.D. and Valsiner, J. Understanding Vygotsky: a quest for synthesis. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991.
* Leontiev, A. A. The Life and Creative Path of A.N. Leontiev. Journal of Russian & East European Psychology, May/Jun2005, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p8-69,
* Leontiev, A.N., The Development of Mind, a reproduction of the Progress Publishers 1981 edition, plus "Activity and Consciousness," originally published by Progress Publishers, 1977, published by Erythrospress, se

* Yasnitsky, A. (2011)
Vygotsky Circle as a Personal Network of Scholars: Restoring Connections Between People and Ideas
Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, .

In Russian
* Short bio @ th

* Bio

* Леонтьев А.А
Жизненный и творческий путь А.Н.Леонтьева

See also

* Cultural-historical activity theory
* Large-group capacitation
* Leading activity

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Leontiev, Aleksei
Leont'ev
Leont'ev
20th-century psychologists
20th-century Russian philosophers
Leont'ev, Alexei Nikolaevich
Leont'ev, Aleksey
Academicians of the RSFSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences
Academicians of the USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Lenin Prize winners
Recipients of the Order of the Badge of Honour
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Cognitive scientists
Leont'ev, Alexei Nikolaevich
Soviet Marxists
Soviet philosophers
Leont'ev, Alexei Nikolaevich
Burials at Kuntsevo Cemetery