Alexandra Rutherford
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Alexandra Rutherford is a professor of psychology at
York University York University (french: Université York), also known as YorkU or simply YU, is a public university, public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is Canada's fourth-largest university, and it has approximately 55,700 students, 7,0 ...
's History and Theory of Psychology Graduate Program and author of ''Beyond the Box: B. F. Skinner's Technology of Behavior from Laboratory to Life, 1950s-1970s'' and ''Pioneers of Psychology''.


Education

Rutherford earned her Bachelor of Science with High Distinction in 1993 from Trinity College at the University of Toronto in 1993. She completed her Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology at York University in 1995 and her PhD in the History and Theory of Psychology and Clinical Psychology at York University in 2001.


Career

Since 2001, Rutherford has been teaching in the psychology department at York University, first as assistant professor, from 2006 as associate professor, and later as full professor. In 2004, Rutherford founded The Psychology's Feminist Voices project which resulted in the launching of
Psychology's Feminist Voices Psychology's Feminist Voices (PFV) is an online, multimedia digital archive containing the stories of women of psychology's past and contemporary feminist psychologists who have shaped and continue to transform the discipline of psychology. It ho ...
—an
online In computer technology and telecommunications, online indicates a state of connectivity and offline indicates a disconnected state. In modern terminology, this usually refers to an Internet connection, but (especially when expressed "on line" or ...
,
digital archive An archive is an accumulation of historical records or materials – in any medium – or the physical facility in which they are located. Archives contain primary source documents that have accumulated over the course of an individual or ...
of the contributions made by women throughout the history of psychology, including the role of contemporary feminist psychologists in transforming the discipline of
psychology Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts. It is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries betwe ...
.


Research

In 2017, her research examined the "influence of feminist-scholar activism on gender-based violence policy in the United States."


Publications

Her 2009 book, an historical critical work on American psychologist and behaviorist,
B. F. Skinner Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher. He was a professor of psychology at Harvard University from 1958 until his retirement in 1974. ...
—''Beyond the Box: B. F. Skinner's Technology of Behavior from Laboratory to Life, 1950s-1970s'' —was largely based on her doctoral dissertation entitled "Between the science of behavior and the art of living: B. F. Skinner and psychology’s public in mid-20th century America." ''Beyond the Box'' was listed as the '' London Times Higher Educations "Book of the week—July 16-July 23, 2009. A 2018 journal review, described ''Beyond the Box'' , as a "much-needed post-revisionist interpretation" of Skinner situating his work within its "social context". In ''Pioneers of Psychology'', which Rutherford co-authored with Raymond E. Fancher, they examined
Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud ( , ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating psychopathology, pathologies explained as originatin ...
's in-depth interpretation in his book ''
The Interpretation of Dreams ''The Interpretation of Dreams'' (german: Die Traumdeutung) is an 1899 book by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, in which the author introduces his theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation, and discusses what w ...
'', of his own July 23, 1895 dream—
Irma's injection "Irma's injection" is the name given to the dream that Sigmund Freud dreamt on the night of July 23, 1895, and that he subsequently analyzed to arrive at his theory that dreams are wish fulfillments. He described his ideas on dream theory and provi ...
. In her 2011 review of
Susan Brownmiller Susan Brownmiller (born Susan Warhaftig; February 15, 1935) is an American journalist, author and feminist activist best known for her 1975 book '' Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape'', which was selected by The New York Public Library as o ...
's 1975 '' Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape'' published in the ''
Psychology of Women Quarterly ''Psychology of Women Quarterly'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the fields of psychology and women's studies, focusing on the psychological health of women. The journal's editor is Dawn M. Szymanski, PhD (University of T ...
'' , Rutherford wrote that prior to Brownmiller's book, most Americans had assumed that "rape, incest and domestic violence rarely happened and that when they did, they were perpetrated by a few sexual deviants." In the 1970s, American
second-wave feminist Second-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity that began in the early 1960s and lasted roughly two decades. It took place throughout the Western world, and aimed to increase equality for women by building on previous feminist gains. W ...
s coined the term "
rape culture Rape culture is a setting, studied by several sociological theories, in which rape is pervasive and normalized due to societal attitudes about gender and sexuality. Behaviors commonly associated with rape culture include victim blaming, slut-s ...
".


Media

Rutherford appeared as an expert on Skinner, on the August 28, 2019 episode, "A History of Persuasion", on
WNYC Studios WNYC Studios is a producer and distributor of podcasts and on-demand and broadcast audio. WNYC Studios is a subsidiary of New York Public Radio and is headquartered in New York City. History In May 2015, WNYC began distributing its shows ''R ...
' On the Media hosted by
Kai Wright Kai Wright is an American journalist, activist, author, and podcast host. He has served as copy editor at the New York Daily News, senior writer at The Root, senior editor at City Limits, editorial director at ColorLines, and features editor at T ...
and reported by Amanda Aronczyk.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rutherford, Alexandra Feminist psychologists Women's studies academics Canadian feminist writers Canadian medical historians Canadian psychologists Canadian women psychologists Historians of psychology Canadian women historians York University faculty