Karl Magnus Vitberg (26 January 1787 — 24 January 1855) was a Russian Neoclassical architect of Swedish stock.

Biography

Vitberg was born in Saint Petersburg. As a young man he was a member of

Alexander Labzin Alexander Fyodorovich Labzin (Александр Фёдорович Лабзин; 1766–1825) was a leading figure of the Russian Enlightenment who developed an idiosyncratic mystical system and founded an influential St. Petersburg masonic lodge, ...

's Masonic lodge, the "Dying Sphinx", and studied Boehmist theosophy. The lodge, which had been the first to reopen, in 1800, was ordered closed in 1822. Vitberg won a design competition and in 1817 had the satisfaction of witnessing the groundbreaking ceremony for his neoclassical

Cathedral of Christ the Saviour The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour ( rus, Храм Христа́ Спаси́теля, r=Khram Khristá Spasítelya, p=xram xrʲɪˈsta spɐˈsʲitʲɪlʲə) is a Russian Orthodox cathedral in Moscow, Russia, on the northern bank of the Moskv ...

, a monument to the resistance to the

French invasion of Russia The French invasion of Russia, also known as the Russian campaign, the Second Polish War, the Army of Twenty nations, and the Patriotic War of 1812 was launched by Napoleon Bonaparte to force the Russian Empire back into the continental block ...

in 1812. In order to undertake this project, Vitberg had converted to the Russian Orthodox Church, as stipulated by Tsar Alexander I. After his conversion, Vitberg changed his name from Karl Magnus to Aleksandr Lavrentyevich (russian: Александр Лаврентьевич Витберг), after the monarch. Though construction of Vitberg's cathedral on the Sparrow Hills was begun in 1826, a new emperor, Nicholas I abandoned the "Masonic" plan for a less "Roman Catholic" neo-Byzantine construction. The architect was accused of bribery and exiled to Vyatka, an isolated city halfway between Moscow and the Ural Mountains. There his most successful work was accomplished, among which were his monumental gates for the Alexander Garden (1836) and the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (1839–1848). A fellow-exile there was Alexander Herzen, who made friends with Vitberg, portrayed him sympathetically in ''My Past and Thoughts'', and was briefly influenced by Vitberg's strain of mystical thought.Mark Pittaway, ''The Fluid Borders of Europe'', 2003:230. Vitberg Cathedral

Vitberg was eventually allowed to return to Moscow, but found little work, and died in poverty and official neglect. The Russian neoclassical revival in the late 19th century contributed to a reappraisal of his architectural legacy. An exhibition, ''Alexander Witberg (1787–1855). En Arkitekurhistorisk Installation'' was mounted in Stockholm from 1993 to 1994.

References

External links

*
''The Memoirs of Academician Vitberg'' (Moscow, 1872)

Vitberg's Fateful Design, Moscow's Cathedral of Christ the Savior, 36-58
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vitberg, Aleksandr 1787 births 1855 deaths Architects from Saint Petersburg Russian people of Swedish descent Russian neoclassical architects Imperial Academy of Arts alumni Awarded with a large gold medal of the Academy of Arts