Alexander Nikolaevich Vinokurov (August 9, 1869 – November 9, 1944) was a Soviet statesman. Member of the All–Russian Central Executive Committee and the

Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union The All-Union Central Executive Committee (russian: Всесоюзный Центральный исполнительный комитет, Vsesoyuznyy Tsentral'nyy ispolnitel'nyy komitet) was the most authoritative governing body of the USSR d ...

. Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union (1924–1938).

Biography

Born into the family of a financial officer, Vinokurov was educated at the Yekaterinoslav Gymnasium, which he graduated in 1888 and entered the Medical Faculty of Moscow University. Since 1890 he was a member of the revolutionary movement. In 1893 – one of the founders of the

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

, and in 1895 of the

Yekaterinoslav Dnipro, previously called Dnipropetrovsk from 1926 until May 2016, is Ukraine's fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants. It is located in the eastern part of Ukraine, southeast of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on the Dnieper Rive ...

Social Democratic organizations. Vinokurov became a member of the

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP; in , ''Rossiyskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya rabochaya partiya (RSDRP)''), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or the Russian Social Democratic Party, was a socialist pol ...

in 1898 and joined its

Bolshevik The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...

wing in 1903. In connection with the failure of the Moscow group of Social Democrats, he was arrested, spent two years in

solitary confinement Solitary confinement is a form of imprisonment in which the inmate lives in a single cell with little or no meaningful contact with other people. A prison may enforce stricter measures to control contraband on a solitary prisoner and use additi ...

, and in from 1897 to 1902, in exile. Then, from 1905 was involved at party work in

and from 1908 in

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

. From 1913 to 1917 he was one of the editors of the magazine "Insurance Questions". In 1917 he served as a deputy of the

Petrograd Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

State Duma The State Duma (russian: Госуда́рственная ду́ма, r=Gosudárstvennaja dúma), commonly abbreviated in Russian as Gosduma ( rus, Госду́ма), is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, while the upper house ...

, and since October the Chairman of the First Bolshevik Petrograd State Duma. After the

October Revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...

, a member of the collegium of the People's Commissariat of Labour of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. From 1918 to 1921 he served as People's Commissar of Social Security of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. From 1921 to 1923, he worked as a member of the Famine Relief Commission, then the Commission to Combat the Effects of Famine. From 1924 to 1938 Vinokurov Chairman of the

Supreme Court of the Soviet Union The Supreme Court of the Soviet Union (russian: Верховный Суд СССР) was the highest court of the Soviet Union during its existence. The Supreme Court of the USSR included a Military Collegium and other elements which were not typic ...

. He participated in the struggle for control over the justice authorities with Vyshinsky and

Krylenko Nikolai Vasilyevich Krylenko ( rus, Никола́й Васи́льевич Крыле́нко, p=krɨˈlʲenkə; May 2, 1885 – July 29, 1938) was an Old Bolshevik and Soviet Union, Soviet politician. Krylenko served in a variety of posts ...

.Alexander Kodintsev. State Policy in the Field of Justice in the Soviet Union. 30–50s of the 20th Century – Kurtamysh, 2008 – Page 102 In 1938, he was dismissed from his post and appointed Head of the Health Education Department of the People's Commissariat of Health of the Soviet Union. He was cremated, buried in the old territory of the

Novodevichy Cemetery Novodevichy Cemetery ( rus, Новоде́вичье кла́дбище, Novodevichye kladbishche) is a cemetery in Moscow. It lies next to the southern wall of the 16th-century Novodevichy Convent, which is the city's third most popular tourist ...

in the wall of the monastery.Alexander Vinokurov, Headstone
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Participation in mass repressions

As the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union, he is directly responsible for participating in mass repressions in the Soviet Union. According to archival materials (the fund of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union in the State Archives of the Russian Federation), he tried to minimize mass repressions as much as possible. He was a supporter of the rule of law in the work of Soviet courts.

Perpetuation of memory

In 1963, Moscow's 3rd Cheryomushkinsky Lane was renamed Vinokurov Street.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Vinokurov, Alexander 1869 births 1944 deaths Old Bolsheviks Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery All-Russian Central Executive Committee members Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union members Soviet jurists Revolutionaries from the Russian Empire