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Alexander Ross (c. 1590–1654) was a prolific
Scottish Scottish usually refers to something of, from, or related to Scotland, including: *Scottish Gaelic, a Celtic Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family native to Scotland *Scottish English *Scottish national identity, the Scottish ide ...
writer and controversialist. He was Chaplain-in-Ordinary to Charles I.


Life

Ross was born in Aberdeen, and entered King's College, Aberdeen after completing his studies at Aberdeen Grammar School, in 1604. About 1616 he succeeded Thomas Parker in the mastership of the free school at Southampton, an appointment which he owed to
Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Baron Beauchamp, KG (22 May 1539 – 6 April 1621), of Wulfhall and Totnam Lodge in Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire, of Hatch Beauchamp in Somerset, of Netley Abbey, Hampshire, and of Hertford House, Cannon R ...
. By 1622 he had been appointed, through William Laud's influence, one of Charles I's chaplains, and in that year appeared ''The First and Second Book of Questions and Answers upon the Book of Genesis, by Alexander Ross of Aberdeen, preacher at St. Mary's, near Southampton, and one of his Majesty's Chaplains.'' He was vicar of
St. Mary's Church, Carisbrooke St Mary's Church, Carisbrooke is a parish church in the Church of England located in Carisbrooke, Isle of Wight. History The church is medieval dating from the Norman period. The tower contains a ring of 10 bells. The back 8 bells were cast ...
in the Isle of Wight from 1634 to his death; he left Southampton in 1642. In ''Pansebeia'', Ross gave a list of his books, past and to come. He died in 1654 at Bramshill House in Hampshire, where he was living with Sir Andrew Henley, and in the neighbouring Eversley church there are two tablets to his memory. Ross left many legacies, and his books were left to his friend Henley, an executor and guardian to a nephew, William Ross. Among Ross's friends and patrons were Lewis Watson, 1st Baron Rockingham,
John Tufton, 2nd Earl of Thanet John Tufton, 2nd Earl of Thanet (15 December 1608 – 7 May 1664) was an English nobleman and supporter of Charles I of England. He was the eldest son of Nicholas Tufton, 1st Earl of Thanet, and Lady Frances Cecil, granddaughter of William Cec ...
, Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, and John Evelyn. His correspondence with Henry Oxenden, in English and Latin, is in the British Museum. He is not the Alexander Ross of the
Aberdeen doctors The Aberdeen doctors or Doctors of Aberdeen were six divines working at Marischal College and King's College in Aberdeen, Scotland in the seventeenth century. Until 1635, they enjoyed the leadership of Patrick Forbes, Bishop of Aberdeen. They ar ...
, who remained in Scotland and died in 1639.


Works

Richard Westfall calls him "the vigilant watchdog of conservatism and orthodoxy". He was concerned to defend Aristotle and repel the
Copernican theory Copernican heliocentrism is the astronomical model developed by Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543. This model positioned the Sun at the center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it in circular pa ...
, as it gained ground. In 1634 he published a work on the immobility of the earth, attacking Nathanael Carpenter and Philip Landsberg. He became involved in a debate with John Wilkins and Libert Froidmond, around the beliefs of Christopher Clavius. He attacked
Thomas Browne Sir Thomas Browne (; 19 October 160519 October 1682) was an English polymath and author of varied works which reveal his wide learning in diverse fields including science and medicine, religion and the esoteric. His writings display a deep curi ...
(defending, for instance, the beliefs that crystal is a sort of fossilized ice, and that
garlic Garlic (''Allium sativum'') is a species of bulbous flowering plant in the genus ''Allium''. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, Allium fistulosum, Welsh onion and Allium chinense, Chinese onion. It is native to South A ...
hinders
magnetism Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that are mediated by a magnetic field, which refers to the capacity to induce attractive and repulsive phenomena in other entities. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles ...
), and many other contemporary ideas. In other controversies he took on Sir Kenelm Digby, Thomas Hobbes, and William Harvey.


Authorship of the ''Alcoran of Mahomet''

In his 1734 translation of the Qur'an,
George Sale George Sale (1697–1736) was a British Orientalist scholar and practising solicitor, best known for his 1734 translation of the Quran into English. In 1748, after having read Sale's translation, Voltaire wrote his own essay "De l'Alcoran ...
attributes to Alexander Ross the translation into English of André du Ryer's 1647 French translation of the Qur'an, L'Alcoran de Mahomet. This attribution is, most probably, spurious. Furthermore, Sale is most critical of the quality of both the Arabic-French translation work as well as the French-English translation work. Despite this, since the publication of Sale's translation, Alexander Ross has been widely and most probably wrongly credited with this work.Thomas Burman, 'European-Qur'an Translations' in Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, Volume 6. Western Europe (1500-1600, (Leiden: Brill, 2014


Publications

*''Rerum Judaicarum Libri Duo'' (1617) *''Questions and Answers on the First Six Chapters of Genesis'' (1620) *''Tonsor ad cutem Rasus'' (1629) *''Commentum de Terrae Motu Circulari Refutatus'' (1634) *''Virgilii Evangelisantis Christiados Libri xiii'' (1634), a cento composed entirely from Virgil *''The New Planet, no Planet, or the Earth no Wandering Star, against Galilaeus and Copernicus,'' (1640) *''God's House, or the House of Prayer, vindicated from Profaneness'' (1642) sermons *''God's House made a Den of Thieves'' (1642) sermons *''Philosophical Touchstone, or Observations on Sir Kenelm Digby's Discourse on the Nature of Bodies and of the Reasonable Soul, and Spinosa's Opinion of the Mortality of the Soul, briefly confuted'' (1645) *''Medicus Medicatus, or the Physician's Religion cured'' (1645) *''The Picture of the Conscience'' (1646) *''Mystagogus Poeticus, or the Muses' Interpreter'' (1647) *''Th
Alcoran of Mahomet
Translated out of Arabique into French by the Sieur Du Ryer, Lord of Malezair, and Resident for the King of France at Alexandria, and Newly Englished for the Satisfaction of All That Desire to Look into Turkish Vanities, to Which is Prefixed the Life of Mahomet, ... with a Needful Caveat, or Admonition, for Those Who Desire to Know What Use May Be Made of, or If There Be Danger in Reading, the Alcoran'' (1649) *''Enchiridium Oratorium et Poeticum'' (1650) *'' Arcana Microcosmi, or the Hid Secrets of Man's Body discovered, in Anatomical Duel between Aristotle and Galen; with a Refutation of Thomas Browne's Vulgar Errors, from Bacon's Natural History, and Hervey's book De Generatione'' (1651) *
Web version of the text
*''The History of the World, the Second Part, in six books, being a Continuation of Sir Walter Raleigh's'' (1652) *''Πανσεβεια ("Pansebeia"), or View of all the Religions in the World, with the Lives of certain notorious Hereticks'' (1652) *''Observations upon Hobbes's Leviathan'' (1653) *''Animadversions and Observations upon Sir Walter Raleigh's History of the World'' (1653) *''Three Decads of Divine Meditations, whereof each one containeth three parts. 1. History. 2. An Allegory. 3. A Prayer. With a Commendation of a Private Country Life.'' *''Four Books of Epigrams in Latin Elegiacs'' *''Mel Heliconium, or Poetical Honey gathered out of the Weeds of Parnassus'' *''Melisomachia'' *''Colloquia Plautina'' *''Chronology, in English'' *''Chymera Pythagorica''


References

;Attribution *


External links

* *


David Allan, "‘An Ancient Sage Philosopher’: Alexander Ross and the Defence of Philosophy", The Seventeenth Century, 17 (2001), 68-93 (PDF)

The Alcoran of Mahomet (first edition 1946, London, printed, Anno Dom.)
first Quran translated into English. {{DEFAULTSORT:Ross, Alexander 1590s births 1654 deaths Alumni of the University of Aberdeen People from Aberdeen Writers from Aberdeen People from Hart District 17th-century Scottish writers Translators of the Quran into English 17th-century Scottish clergy 17th-century translators