Alexander Leonidovich Dvorkin (russian: Алекса́ндр Леони́дович Дво́ркин; born 20 August 1955 in

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

) is a Russian anti-cult activist. From 1999 to 2012 he was professor and head of the department of the study of new religious movements (cults) at

Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University of Humanities (russian: Православный Свято-Тихоновский гуманитарный университет) in Moscow, Russia is a coeducational theological university for the laity aff ...

. He is currently professor of department of

missiology Missiology is the academic study of the Christian mission history and methodology, which began to be developed as an academic discipline in the 19th century. History Missiology as an academic discipline appeared only in the 19th century. It was ...

at that university.

Education

Dvorkin received his

secondary education Secondary education or post-primary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale. Level 2 or lower secondary education (less commonly junior secondary education) is considered the second and final pha ...

at schools No. 25, 91 and 112 in

. After graduation from school grade 10, in 1972, he became a student in the Faculty of

Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...

Language and Literature of Moscow Pedagogical Institute. During his studies he joined the

hippy A hippie, also spelled hippy, especially in British English, is someone associated with the counterculture of the 1960s, originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to different countries around ...

movement. Dvorkin sets out two completely different versions of why he never graduated from the institute. *According to Dvorkin's book ''Teachers and Lessons: Memories, Stories, Reflections'' (russian: "Учителя и уроки: воспоминания, рассказы, размышления"), together with the like-minded people, he prepared a work that was demonstrated on 20 September 1975 at an exhibition of

avant-garde art The avant-garde (; In 'advance guard' or 'vanguard', literally 'fore-guard') is a person or work that is experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.John Picchione, The New Avant-garde in Italy: Theoretical D ...

ists in one of the pavilions of the

VDNKh VDNKh may refer to: * The name of the exhibition centers in former Soviet Republics ** VDNKh (Russia), known as All-Russia Exhibition Center in 1992–2014 ** National Complex Expocenter of Ukraine (formerly "VDNH of the Ukrainian SSR") ** Exhibi ...

; about this work and its authors – a group of hippies called "Hair", to which Dvorkin was close – American magazine ''Time'' responded positively. Consequently, in Fall 1975, Dvorkin was expelled from the third year of the institute "for believers incompatible with those that should be in the future

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

teacher". *According to Dvorkin's book ''My America'' (russian: "Моя Америка"), he was not admitted to the fifth examination session and was expelled from the institute for poor academic performance and non-attendance in early 1975. Remembering the exhibitions, he does not name them among the reasons for exclusion. On 6 March 1977 Dvorkin emigrated from the USSR on an Israeli visa. He did not go to

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

, but went to the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

. He worked as a

courier A courier is a person or organisation that delivers a message, package or letter from one place or person to another place or person. Typically, a courier provides their courier service on a commercial contract basis; however, some couriers are ...

, waiter,

copyist A copyist is a person that makes duplications of the same thing. The term is sometimes used for artists who make copies of other artists' paintings. However, the modern use of the term is almost entirely confined to music copyists, who are emplo ...

. In 1978, Dvorkin became a student at

Hunter College Hunter College is a public university in New York City. It is one of the constituent colleges of the City University of New York and offers studies in more than one hundred undergraduate and postgraduate fields across five schools. It also admi ...

, where he continued to study

Russian literature Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia and its émigrés and to Russian language, Russian-language literature. The roots of Russian literature can be traced to the Middle Ages, when epics and chronicles in Old East Slavic were c ...

. Dvorkin was

baptized Baptism (from grc-x-koine, βάπτισμα, váptisma) is a form of ritual purification—a characteristic of many religions throughout time and geography. In Christianity, it is a Christian sacrament of initiation and adoption, almost ...

on 19 January 1980 in Christ the Savior Church, a

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or m ...

of the

Orthodox Church in America The Orthodox Church in America (OCA) is an Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian church based in North America. The OCA is partly recognized as Autocephaly, autocephalous and consists of more than 700 parishes, missions, commun ...

. Dvorkin graduated with a

Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of arts (BA or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four years ...

Russian Literature Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia and its émigrés and to Russian language, Russian-language literature. The roots of Russian literature can be traced to the Middle Ages, when epics and chronicles in Old East Slavic were c ...

from

in 1980. The same year, he became a student of

Saint Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary (SVOTS) is an Eastern Orthodox seminary in Yonkers, New York. It is chartered under the State University of New York and accredited by the Association of Theological Schools. It is a pan-Eastern Ort ...

Crestwood, New York Crestwood is a neighborhood in Yonkers, New York. Located in northeastern Yonkers, Crestwood is separated by the Bronx River from the village of Tuckahoe. Because the majority of Crestwood is served by the Tuckahoe post office, many residents ide ...

, graduating with a

Master of Divinity For graduate-level theological institutions, the Master of Divinity (MDiv, ''magister divinitatis'' in Latin) is the first professional degree of the pastoral profession in North America. It is the most common academic degree in seminaries and divi ...

in theology in 1983 with thesis titled "Life, personality and ideas of Sergius Stragorodsky, Bishop of Yamburgh and Archbishop of Vyborgh and Finland (later patriarch of Moscow and all Russia) before 1917". In 1984, Dvorkin received

American citizenship Citizenship of the United States is a legal status that entails Americans with specific rights, duties, protections, and benefits in the United States. It serves as a foundation of fundamental rights derived from and protected by the Constituti ...

. In 1984, he enrolled in

doctoral A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''li ...

studies at the Department of

Medieval History In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire a ...

at the Jesuit-affiliated

independent school An independent school is independent in its finances and governance. Also known as private schools, non-governmental, privately funded, or non-state schools, they are not administered by local, state or national governments. In British Eng ...

–

Fordham University Fordham University () is a Private university, private Jesuit universities, Jesuit research university in New York City. Established in 1841 and named after the Fordham, Bronx, Fordham neighborhood of the The Bronx, Bronx in which its origina ...

. Dvorkin graduated with a

Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is a ...

Medieval studies Medieval studies is the academic interdisciplinary study of the Middle Ages. Institutional development The term 'medieval studies' began to be adopted by academics in the opening decades of the twentieth century, initially in the titles of books ...

in 1988 with a dissertation titled "

Ivan the Terrible Ivan IV Vasilyevich (russian: Ива́н Васи́льевич; 25 August 1530 – ), commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible, was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584. Ivan ...

as a Religious Type". His mentor was

John Meyendorff John Meyendorff (french: Jean Meyendorff; russian: Ива́н Феофи́лович Мейендо́рф, tr. ; February 17, 1926 – July 22, 1992) was a leading theologian of the Orthodox Church of America as well as a writer and teacher. He s ...

Early career

In late 1988, Dvorkin moved to

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

, where he worked at the bureau of the

Voice of America Voice of America (VOA or VoA) is the state-owned news network and international radio broadcaster of the United States of America. It is the largest and oldest U.S.-funded international broadcaster. VOA produces digital, TV, and radio content ...

radio station. At the same time, he became the

subdeacon Subdeacon (or sub-deacon) is a minor order or ministry for men in various branches of Christianity. The subdeacon has a specific liturgical role and is placed between the acolyte (or reader) and the deacon in the order of precedence. Subdeacons in ...

and

altar server An altar server is a lay assistant to a member of the clergy during a Christian liturgy. An altar server attends to supporting tasks at the altar such as fetching and carrying, ringing the altar bell, helps bring up the gifts, brings up the bo ...

Bishop A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...

in the Washington St. Nicholas Cathedral. In 1991, Dvorkin moved to

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

and started working as an editor for

Radio Liberty Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmit ...

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by popu ...

. Dvorkin's time in America, as well as his reasons for leaving and returning to Russia, are not fully accounted for, fueling rumors about Dvorkin's true allegiances.

Anti-cult activism

Dvorkin returned to Russia on 31 December 1991. In March 1992, he started working in the

Synodal A synod () is a council of a Christian denomination, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. The word ''synod'' comes from the meaning "assembly" or "meeting" and is analogous with the Latin word meani ...

Department of Religious Education and

Catechesis Catechesis (; from Greek: , "instruction by word of mouth", generally "instruction") is basic Christian religious education of children and adults, often from a catechism book. It started as education of converts to Christianity, but as the ...

. At this work Dvorkin encountered some

new religious movement A new religious movement (NRM), also known as alternative spirituality or a new religion, is a religious or spiritual group that has modern origins and is peripheral to its society's dominant religious culture. NRMs can be novel in origin or th ...

s, primarily the "Mother of God center", a homegrown Russian sect. In 1993, Dvorkin coined the term "totalitarian sect," which would become the catch-all label for new religious movements. The term "totalitarian" played on fears of return to

-era repressions. Dvorkin called

Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and then ...

along with

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ...

"founders of the most evil totalitarian sects". In 1993 Dvorkin founded the first Russian

anti-cult The anti-cult movement (abbreviated ACM, and also known as the countercult movement) consists of various governmental and non-governmental organizations and individuals that seek to raise awareness of cults, uncover coercive practices used to a ...

organization: Saint Irenaeus of Lyons Information and Advisory Center (Информационно-консультационный центр св. Иринея Лионского) with the blessing of the

Patriarch of Moscow The Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' (russian: Патриарх Московский и всея Руси, translit=Patriarkh Moskovskij i vseja Rusi), also known as the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia, is the official title of the Bishop of Mo ...

Patriarch Alexy II Patriarch Alexy II (or Alexius II, russian: link=no, Патриарх Алексий II; secular name Aleksei Mikhailovich Ridiger russian: link=no, Алексе́й Миха́йлович Ри́дигер; 23 February 1929 – 5 December ...

and became its head. Through this center, Dvorkin adapted the Western anti-cult movement to the Russian situation, making his target small organizations, few of whom had any serious presence in Soviet times, and which were easy to marginalize. Many of these organizations have already become targets for Western anti-cultists. Until the

Russian Orthodox Church , native_name_lang = ru , image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg , imagewidth = , alt = , caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia , abbreviation = ROC , type ...

dropped into the opposition with the more mainstream Christian denominations, center personnel tried to cooperate with them. Despite the fact that the center was created under the umbrella of the Russian Orthodox Church, it portrayed superficial

secularism Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on Secularity, secular, Naturalism (philosophy), naturalistic considerations. Secularism is most commonly defined as the Separation of church and state, separation of relig ...

, which allowed it to influence both the orthodox and secular audiences. Through the center conferences were organized, brochures were published, and a website was maintained. Dvorkin himself gave lectures and numerous interviews to various media. His role was so great that the anti-cult movement in Russia had been largely defined by him; he was called "the enemy number one of religious extremists". In 2003, the center was renamed the '' Saint Irenaeus of Lyons Center for Religious Studies (Центр религиоведческих исследований во имя священномученика Иринея Лионского)'', with Dvorkin as its president. The center works with Christian countercult organizations in Russia and abroad, being the head center of the Russian Association of Centers for the Study of Religions and Sects. Since 2009, Dvorkin has been vice-president of the

European Federation of Centres of Research and Information on Sectarianism FECRIS (Fédération Européenne des Centres de Recherche et d'Information sur le Sectarisme) – European Federation of Centres of Research and Information on Sectarianism, a French non-profit association and anti-cult organization, serves as ...

(FECRIS), an

umbrella organization An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions who work together formally to coordinate activities and/or pool resources. In business, political, and other environments, it provides resources and ofte ...

for anti-cult groups in Europe.

Régis Dericquebourg Régis Dericquebourg (born 1947) is a French sociologist of religions. He wrote his thesis on Jehovah's Witnesses under the direction of Jean Seguy. He holds a doctorate in psychosociology and a postgraduate degree in clinical psychology from the ...

"FECRIS: European Federation of Research and Information Centers on Sectarianism"
, in ''Freedom of Religion or Belief — Anti-Sect Movements and State Neutrality — A Case Study: FECRIS'', special issue of ''Religion – Staat – Gesellschaft: Zeitschrift für Glaubensformen und Weltanschauungen'' (''Journal for the Study of Beliefs and Worldviews'', ), 2012/2, p.188–189, Dvorkin is on the board of FECRIS. Dvorkin has been extremely active in opposing cults and new religious movements through his publications. Between 1999 and 2012 he was professor and head of the department of the study of new religious movements (сектоведения) at

, Moscow, Russia. He is currently a professor in the department of

(миссиологии) at the same university. Dvorkin is a critic of

Scientology Scientology is a set of beliefs and practices invented by American author L. Ron Hubbard, and an associated movement. It has been variously defined as a cult, a business, or a new religious movement. The most recent published census data indi ...

, which he regards as a dangerous cult.

Church of Scientology The Church of Scientology is a group of interconnected corporate entities and other organizations devoted to the practice, administration and dissemination of Scientology, which is variously defined as a cult, a scientology as a business, bu ...

-affiliated organizations describe him as an "

anti-religious Antireligion is opposition to religion. It involves opposition to organized religion, religious practices or religious institutions. The term ''antireligion'' has also been used to describe opposition to specific forms of supernatural worship ...

extremist", and compile negative information about him on their websites. In 1997, Scientology and several other

s sued Dvorkin and the

Russian Orthodox Church , native_name_lang = ru , image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg , imagewidth = , alt = , caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia , abbreviation = ROC , type ...

for

defamation Defamation is the act of communicating to a third party false statements about a person, place or thing that results in damage to its reputation. It can be spoken (slander) or written (libel). It constitutes a tort or a crime. The legal defini ...

, but their case was dismissed. According to

Yuri Savenko Yuri Sergeevich Savenko (russian: Ю́рий Серге́евич Саве́нко) is a Russian psychiatrist, the president since 1989 of the Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia. He is also a member of the Council of Experts of the Rus ...

, the President of the

Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia The Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia (IPA) (russian: Незави́симая психиатри́ческая ассоциа́ция Росси́и) is the sole Russian non-governmental professional organization that makes non-forens ...

, Dvorkin has claimed that the followers of

Nikolai Rerikh Nicholas Roerich (; October 9, 1874 – December 13, 1947), also known as Nikolai Konstantinovich Rerikh (russian: link=no, Никола́й Константи́нович Ре́рих), was a Russian painter, writer, archaeologist, theosophis ...

as well as

Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group reports a worldwide membership of approximately 8.7 million adherents involved in ...

, Scientology,

Hare Krishnas The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), known colloquially as the Hare Krishna movement or Hare Krishnas, is a Gaudiya Vaishnava Hindu religious organization. ISKCON was founded in 1966 in New York City by A. C. Bhaktive ...

, Neo-Pagans, Neo-Pentecostals, and many others are "totalitarian cults". In May 2008, Dvorkin attended a

Sino Sino as a prefix generally refers to: * China * Chinese people * Two Chinas * Culture of China * History of China Sino may also refer to: * Sino Group, a property company in Hong Kong * ''Sino'' (Café Tacuba album), the 7th studio album by M ...

-Russian Forum on sect studies in

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...

, and in an interview with

Xinhua Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation: )J. C. Wells: Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 3rd ed., for both British and American English, or New China News Agency, is the official state news agency of the People's Republic of China. Xinhua ...

he said that "

Falun Gong Falun Gong (, ) or Falun Dafa (; literally, "Dharma Wheel Practice" or "Law Wheel Practice") is a new religious movement.Junker, Andrew. 2019. ''Becoming Activists in Global China: Social Movements in the Chinese Diaspora'', pp. 23–24, 33, 119 ...

practitioners feel they do not belong to any country and act entirely in accordance with Li ongzhi/nowiki>'s will. The cult even gained support from other international cults and from the governments and parliaments of some western countries." And that cults "turn individuals into tools of cults, and destroy their families... Cults make no contribution to the society. But they kept absorbing human resources and wealth from it.... Like cancerous cells, they obtain nutrition from the healthy body of society until it collapses." The 2009 annual report of the

United States Commission on International Religious Freedom The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) is a U.S. federal government commission created by the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) of 1998. USCIRF Commissioners are appointed by the President and the lead ...

describes Dvorkin as "Russia‘s most prominent 'anti-cult' activist" who "lacks academic credentials as a religion specialist". The American government claimed in 2018 that "Dvorkin is one of a large network of radical Russian Orthodox activists who have grown considerably in influence over the last 10 years due to the Russian government's increasing patronage of the Russian Orthodox Church and the ussiangovernment's Soviet-era paranoia about the subversive potential of independent religious groups." On 12 April 2016 the

University of Prešov The University of Prešov ( sk, Prešovská univerzita v Prešove) is the only public university in the Prešov self-governing region of Slovakia. It focuses on the areas of social, natural, and theological sciences, sport, arts, management, and ...

awarded Dvorkin an honorary doctorate in theology partly in "appreciation of his work in the academic, religious, social, political and cultural fields, but also san emphasis and concrete manifestation of scientific, social and cultural cooperation by the community of Prešov University in Prešov". He has appeared numerous times on Russian television and many times on television in various Eastern-European countries.For example his appearance in TV-program "National Interest"
He has written 15 books (on various cults, on

church history __NOTOC__ Church history or ecclesiastical history as an academic discipline studies the history of Christianity and the way the Christian Church has developed since its inception. Henry Melvill Gwatkin defined church history as "the spiritual ...

as well as

autobiographies An autobiography, sometimes informally called an autobio, is a self-written account of one's own life. It is a form of biography. Definition The word "autobiography" was first used deprecatingly by William Taylor in 1797 in the English peri ...

) and was editor-compiler of a further four. He is the author of about 800 articles in 17 languages. He is the author of articles about

new religious movements A new religious movement (NRM), also known as alternative spirituality or a new religion, is a religious or spiritual group that has modern origins and is peripheral to its society's dominant religious culture. NRMs can be novel in origin or th ...

Great Russian Encyclopedia The ''Great Russian Encyclopedia'' (GRE; russian: Большая российская энциклопедия, БРЭ, transliterated as ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya'' or academically as ''Bolšaja rossijskaja enciklopedija'') is a u ...

and

Orthodox Encyclopedia The ''Orthodox Encyclopedia'' (russian: Православная энциклопедия, translit=Pravoslavnaya entsiklopediya) is a specialized encyclopedia, published by the Church Research Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" under the general edito ...

Bibliography

Church history and theology

* Dvorkin A. Ivan the Terrible as a Religious Type: a study of the background, genesis and development of the theocratic idea of the first Russian tsar, and his attempts to establish "free autocracy" in Russia. — Erlangen: Erlangen University Press: Oikonomia:Lehrstuhl für Geschichte und Theologie des christlichen Ostens, 1992. — . (in Russian: Дворкин А. Л
Иван Грозный как религиозный тип: ст. и материалы
/ пер. с англ. Ю. С. Терентьев, А. Л. Дворкин. — Н. Новгород: Изд-во Братства во имя Св. Александра Невского, 2005. — 343 с. — .) * Дворкин А. Л. Роль византийско-арагонского тайного союза в подготовке "сицилийской вечерни" III в.// Альфа и Омега. — М., 1994. — № 2. — С. 83-100. * Дворкин А. Л. Идея вселенской теократии в поздней Византии // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1994. — № 1. — С. 57-72. * Дворкин А. Л. Современные Православные Церкви (справка) // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1994. — № 1. — С. 108-115. * Дворкин А. Л. Роль византийско-арагонского тайного союза в подготовке «сицилийской вечерни» // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1994. — № 2. — С. 83-100. * Дворкин А. Л. Ветхий Завет как христианская книга в писаниях св. Иустина, Философа и Мученика // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1994. — № 3. — С. 75-85. * Дворкин А. Л. Об отце Глебе Каледе // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1995. — № 4. — С. 126-134. * Дворкин А. Л. Миссионер: (Жизнь, личность и взгляды Патриарха Сергия (Страгородского): Главы из канд. дис.) // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1995. — № 5. — С. 139-156. * Дворкин А. Л. Корни христианства (Из материалов к учебному курсу «История Церкви») // Альфа и Омега. — 1996. — № 8. — С. 208-223. * Дворкин А. Л. Из истории Вселенских Соборов: (Материалы к учебному курсу "История Церкви"): I Вселенский Собор в Никее; Арианские споры // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1996. — № 2/03 (09/10). — С. 379-408. * Дворкин А. Л. Из истории Вселенских Соборов: (Материалы к учебному курсу "История Церкви"): III Вселенский Собор; Разбойничий собор; Халкидонский собор // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1996. — № 4 (11). — С. 240-275. * Дворкин А. Л. Из истории Вселенских Соборов: (Материалы к учебному курсу "История Церкви"): Эпоха императора Юстиниана и V Вселенский Собор // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1997. — № 1 (12). — С. 342-372. * Дворкин А. Л. Из истории Вселенских Соборов: (Материалы к учебному курсу "История Церкви"): Моноэнергизм, монофелитизм и VI Вселенский Собор // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1997. — № 2 (13). — С. 340-361. * Дворкин А. Л. Из истории Вселенских Соборов: (Материалы к учебному курсу "История Церкви"): Юстиниан и Пято-Шестой Собор // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1997. — № 3 (14). — С. 335-350. * Дворкин А. Л. Размышления об историческом развитии христологической доктрины Армянской Церкви // Труды Ежегодной богословской конференция ПСТБИ. — М., 1997. — С. 16-22. * Дворкин А. Л. Из истории Вселенских Соборов: (Материалы к учебному курсу "История Церкви"): Первый период иконоборчества и VII Вселенский Собор; Второй период иконоборчества // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1998. — № 1 (15). — С. 346-375. * Дворкин А. Л. Из истории Вселенских Соборов: (Материалы к учебному курсу "История Церкви"): Эпоха патриарха Фотия. Миссия святых Кирилла и Мефодия. Крещение Болгарии. Великий Собор примирения // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1998. — № 3 (17). — С. 335-350. * Дворкин А. Л. Памяти отца Иоанна Мейендорфа // Альфа и Омега. — 2002. — Вып. 34. — № 4. * Дворкин А. Л. Хиастическая структура Евангелия от Иоанна: гипотеза Герхарда и Эллиса // Труды ежегодной богословской конференция ПСТГУ. — М., 2005. — С. 135-139. * Дворкин А. Л
Очерки по истории Вселенской Православной Церкви. Курс лекций.
— Изд. 3-е, перераб. и доп. — Н. Новгород, 2006. — 936 с. — . * Дворкин А. Л. Булгаков и Достоевский: Некоторые соображения о генезисе образа Иешуа Га-Ноцри из "Мастера и Маргариты" // Труды ежегодной богословской конференция ПСТГУ. — М., 2007. — С. С.135-139. * Дворкин А. Л., Малков П. Ю
Мейендорф
// Большая Российская энциклопедия: в 30 т. / науч.-ред. совет: пред. Ю. С. Осипов и др.. — М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия, 2012. — Т. 19 Маниковский — Меотида. — С. 594—595. — 767 с. — 60 000 экз. — .

NRM and cults

* Dvorkin, A
The Armageddon in Kiev: Tragedy or Farce?
// Update and Dialog. — 1994. — Вып. May. — № 4. * Dvorkin, A.
Presentation on the Situation in Russia: Scientology in Russia.
// Spirituality in East & West. — 1998. — № 11. * Дворкин А. Л. Введение в сектоведение. — Н. Новгород, 1998. — 457 с. — . * Дворкин А. Л. «Общество сознания Кришны» как ньюэйджевская секта: (На примере использования его идеологами христианских образов и концепций) // Труды ежегодной богословской конференция ПСТБИ. — М., 1999. — С. 47-56. * Дворкин А. Л. «Общество сознания Кришны» как секта «Нью Эйдж» // Альфа и Омега. — М., 1999. — № 20. — С. 251-261. * Дворкин А. Л. О некоторых подходах к методологии православного сектоведения // Труды ежегодной богословской конференция ПСТБИ. — М., 2000. — С. 65-83. * Дворкин А. Л. Сектоведение. Тоталитарные секты. Опыт систематического исследования. — Изд. 3-е, пераб. и доп. — Н. Новгород: «Христианская библиотека», 2007. — 813 с. — . * Дворкин А. Л
Международное общество сознания Кришны
// Большая Российская энциклопедия: в 30 т. / науч.-ред. совет: пред. Ю. С. Осипов и др.. — М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия, 2012. — Т. 19 Маниковский — Меотида. — С. 541. — 767 с. — 60 000 экз. — . * Дворкин А. Л., Силантьев Р. А
Новые религиозные движения
// Большая Российская энциклопедия: в 30 т. / науч.-ред. совет: пред. Ю. С. Осипов и др.. — М.: Большая Российская энциклопедия, 2013. — Т. 23: Николай Кузанский — Океан. — С. 244. — 766 с. — 26 000 экз. — . * Дворкин А. Л

//

Православная энциклопедия The ''Orthodox Encyclopedia'' (russian: Православная энциклопедия, translit=Pravoslavnaya entsiklopediya) is a specialized encyclopedia, published by the Church Research Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" under the general edito ...

. — М. : Церковно-научный центр «Православная энциклопедия», 2002. — Т. IV. — С. 540—542. — 752 с. — 39 000 экз. — . * Дворкин А. Л
Богородичный центр
// Православная энциклопедия. — М. : Церковно-научный центр «Православная энциклопедия», 2002. — Т. V. — С. 512—513. — 752 с. — 39 000 экз. — . * Семёнов Л. Е., Дворкин А. Л

// Православная энциклопедия. — М. : Церковно-научный центр «Православная энциклопедия», 2009. — Т. XXI. — С. 186—188. — 752 с. — 39 000 экз. — .

Translations

* Хопко Фома, прот. Основы православия. — Glen Cove: Religious Books for Russia, 1987, 1989; Минск: Полифакт, 1991. пер. А. Л. Дворкин * Мейендорф Иоанн, протопр. Жизнь, достойная восхищения �амяти протопр. А. Д. Шмемана/ пер.: Дворкин А. Л. // «Альфа и Омега», № 3, 1994, с. 123—132.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dvorkin, Alexander Critics of Scientology Living people Russian medievalists Russian theologians Russian Jews People of the Christian countercult movement 20th-century Eastern Orthodox theologians 21st-century Eastern Orthodox theologians 1955 births Fordham University alumni Saint Tikhon's Orthodox University people