Alexander Grigoryevich Chervyakov (Aliaksandr Charviakou, be, Аляксандр Рыгоравіч Чарвякоў, ''Aliaksandr Ryhoravič Čarviakoŭ'' russian: Александр Григорьевич Червяков, ''Aleksandr Grigor'evič Červjakov''; 25 February 1892 — 16 June 1937) was a
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...
Politician and revolutionary and one of the founders of the
Communist Party of Byelorussia, who eventually became the leader of the
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR, or Byelorussian SSR; be, Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка, Bielaruskaja Savieckaja Sacyjalistyčnaja Respublika; russian: Белор ...
. Chervyakov became the first chairman of the
Belarusian Sovnarkom and in 1918 was appointed as a narkom of Belnatskom (Belarusian Nationality Committee) that was established in the Russian Narkomnat on Nationalities headed by
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
.
He is considered an “engine” of the policy of Belarusisation in the 1920s, working to establish a Belarusian national university, preserve cultural artefacts and protect historical monuments.
Born at
Dukorki in 1892, he joined the
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
Party in May 1917 and began to gain power quickly. He was appointed chairman of the
Military Revolutionary Committee
The Military Revolutionary Committee (russian: Военно-революционный комитет, ) was the name for military organs created by the Bolsheviks under the soviets in preparation for the October Revolution (October 1917 – Marc ...
of
Minsk
Minsk ( be, Мінск ; russian: Минск) is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the admi ...
in 1920, and because of that position, was involved in the creation of the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
. He was elected as one of the first four Chairmen of the
Central Executive Committee of the USSR on 30 December 1922 when the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
was formed. He held that position until he was accused of “anti-Soviet activities” and committed suicide on 16 June 1937 in order to avoid Stalin's
Great Purge
The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovshchina ('period of Nikolay Yezhov, Yezhov'), was General ...
. He was posthumously exonerated during the
Khrushchev Thaw
The Khrushchev Thaw ( rus, хрущёвская о́ттепель, r=khrushchovskaya ottepel, p=xrʊˈɕːɵfskəjə ˈotʲ:ɪpʲɪlʲ or simply ''ottepel'')William Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, London: Free Press, 2004 is the period ...
in 1957.
[">Маракоў, Леанід. "Рэпрэсаваныя лiтаратары, навукоўцы, работнiкi асветы, грамадскiя i культурныя дзеячы Беларусi. 1794-1991: Аляксандар Чарвякоў" [Repressed writers, scientists, educators, public and cultural figures of Belarus. 1794-1991: Aliaksandar Čarviakoǔ, by Leanid Marakou]
/nowiki>. www.marakou.by] (in Belarusian)
References
External links
* http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/chervyakov.php Biography
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chervyakov, Alexander
1892 births
1937 deaths
People from Puchavičy District
People from Igumensky Uyezd
Old Bolsheviks
Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia people
Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic people
Members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Byelorussia
Heads of government of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union members
Members of the Central Executive Committee of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Soviet politicians who committed suicide
Belarusian politicians who committed suicide
Suicides in the Soviet Union