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The ''General Biographical Dictionary'' was a bestselling book of the early 19th century, compiled by British author
Alexander Chalmers Alexander Chalmers (29 March 1759 – 29 December 1834) was a Scottish writer. He was born in Aberdeen. Trained as a doctor, he gave up medicine for journalism, and was for some time editor of the ''Morning Herald''. Besides editions of the wo ...
. It is the work on which Chalmers' fame as a biographer mainly rests.


Background

The ''Dictionary'' was an enlarged edition of the ''New and General Biographical Dictionary'', which was first published in eleven volumes in 1761. Other editions of this compilation appeared in 1784 and in 1798–1810. The latter, in fifteen volumes, was edited (first five) by William Tooke, and (last ten) by Archdeacon Nares and William Beloe. Then Chalmers's edition had as full title ''The General Biographical Dictionary: containing an historical and critical account of the lives and writings of the most eminent persons in every nation, particularly the British and Irish, from the earliest accounts to the present time''. The first four volumes of this work, in octavo, were published monthly, commencing in May 1812, and then a volume appeared every alternate month to the thirty-second and last volume in March 1817, a period of four years and ten months of incessant labour and of many personal privations. The preceding edition of the "Dictionary" was augmented by 3,934 additional lives, and of the remaining number 2,176 were rewritten; while the whole were revised and corrected. The total number of articles exceeds nine thousand. For many years Chalmers was employed by the booksellers in revising and enlarging the "Dictionary"; but at the time of his death only about one-third of the work, as far as the end of the letter D, was ready for the press. Chancellor Christie remarked that "Chalmers's own articles, though not without the merit which characterises a laborious compiler, are too long and tedious for the general reader, and show neither sufficient research nor sufficient accuracy to satisfy the student."


Sources

The ''Dictionary'' gives references in footnotes at the end of most articles; Saxii's ''Onomasticon'' is the most commonly cited source. There are almost 10,000 separate articles by the second edition of the book; some of them cite the previous dictionary as a reference.


Reception

The book was praised for its comprehensiveness. It had 32 volumes, each of approximately 500 pages, and was considerably larger than the ''
Encyclopædia Britannica The (Latin for "British Encyclopædia") is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; the company has existed since the 18th century, although it has changed ownership various time ...
''. The book served as an inspiration for many other authors who wrote similar books under the same title. These include: *
John Gorton's General Biographical Dictionary The General Biographical Dictionary is a book by British author John Gorton. The first edition was published in two volumes in 1828, with an appendix. A new edition that brought the work current as far as 1850 was published in four volumes in 1 ...
*
John Lauris Blake's General Biographical Dictionary The ''General Biographical Dictionary'' was a book written by American clergyman John Lauris Blake. The book's full title was ''A General Biographical Dictionary, Comprising a Summary Account of the Most Distinguished Persons of All Ages, Nati ...
The book was printed several times in many parts of the world.


References

*Knapp. Female Biography. 1834
p 502
*The Penny Cyclopedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. London: Charles Knight. 1835. Volume 4
Page 416
*Wheatly. How to Form a Library. CUP
p 94
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External links


fromoldbooks.org (textual majority edition)Google Booksgoodreads.comancestry.com
British biographical dictionaries International biographical dictionaries