Alexey Grigoryevich Stakhanov ( rus, Алексе́й Григо́рьевич Стаха́нов, p=staˈxanəf; 3 January 1906 – 5 November 1977) was a
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
and
Russian miner
A miner is a person who extracts ore, coal, chalk, clay, or other minerals from the earth through mining. There are two senses in which the term is used. In its narrowest sense, a miner is someone who works at the rock face; cutting, blasting, ...
,
Hero of Socialist Labour
The Hero of Socialist Labour (russian: links=no, Герой Социалистического Труда, Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It repre ...
(1970), and a member of the
CPSU
"Hymn of the Bolshevik Party"
, headquarters = 4 Staraya Square, Moscow
, general_secretary = Vladimir Lenin (first)Mikhail Gorbachev (last)
, founded =
, banned =
, founder = Vladimir Lenin
, newspaper ...
(1936). He became a celebrity in 1935 as part of what became known as the
Stakhanovite movement – a campaign intended to increase worker productivity and to demonstrate the superiority of the
socialist economic system.
Biography
Stakhanov was born in Lugovaya (now in
Izmalkovsky District), a village in the
Livensky Uyezd
Livensky (russian: Ливенский; masculine), Livenskaya (; feminine), or Livenskoye (; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
* Livenskoye, Kaliningrad Oblast, a settlement in Alexeyevsky Rural Okrug of Krasnoznamensky ...
of the
Oryol Governorate
Oryol Governorate (russian: Орловская губерния, ''Orlovskaya guberniya'') or the Government of Oryol, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and the early Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 to 1 ...
of the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
in 1906. He began working in a mine called "Tsentralnaya-Irmino" (literally Central Irmino) in
Kadiivka
Kadiivka (), or Stakhanov (; ), is a city in the Luhansk Oblast (Oblast, region) of eastern Ukraine occupied by Russia. The city is incorporated as a city of regional significance (Ukraine), city of oblast significance. Its population is approxima ...
(
Donbas
The Donbas or Donbass (, ; uk, Донба́с ; russian: Донба́сс ) is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern Ukraine. Parts of the Donbas are controlled by Russian separatist groups as a result of the Russo-Ukrai ...
). In 1933, Stakhanov became a
jackhammer operator. In 1935, he took a local course in mining. On 31 August 1935, it was reported that he had mined a record 102 tonnes of
coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Coal is formed when dea ...
in 5 hours and 45 minutes (14 times his quota).
On 19 September, Stakhanov was reported to have set a new record by mining 227 tonnes of coal in a single shift. His example was held up in newspapers and posters as a model for others to follow, and he appeared on the cover of
''Time'' magazine in the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
.
In 1936–1941, Stakhanov was a student of the
Industrial Academy in Moscow. In 1941–1942, he was appointed director of mine No. 31 in
Karaganda. Between 1943 and 1957, Stakhanov worked in the Ministry of Coal Industry of the USSR. In 1957–1959, he was deputy director of the ''Chistyakovantratsit'' trust, and after that, assistant chief engineer at the mine management office No. 2/43 of the ''Torezantratsit'' trust until his retirement in 1974.
Stakhanov was a
deputy
Deputy or depute may refer to:
* Steward (office)
* Khalifa, an Arabic title that can signify "deputy"
* Deputy (legislator), a legislator in many countries and regions, including:
** A member of a Chamber of Deputies, for example in Italy, Spai ...
of the
Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
The Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( rus, Верховный Совет Союза Советских Социалистических Республик, r=Verkhovnyy Sovet Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respubl ...
of the first convocation. He was awarded two
Orders of Lenin,
Order of the Red Banner of Labour
The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (russian: Орден Трудового Красного Знамени, translit=Orden Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni) was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to th ...
, and numerous medals. The last Sunday of August was designated "Coal Miner's Day", also apparently in his honor.
The town of Kadiivka in eastern
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
where he started his work was renamed
Stakhanov Stakhanov may refer to:
* Stakhanov (surname), a Russian surname
* Stakhanov, Ukraine, a city in Ukraine
* Stakhanov coal mine, Ukraine
* Stakhanov Railway Car Building Works, Ukraine
See also
* Stakhanovite movement, diligent and enthusiastic ...
in his honour in 1978, after his death.
At some point Stakhanov developed problems with alcohol and came to lose his Order of Lenin and party card (rewards for his feat) during a drunken brawl.
Stakhanovite movement
Stakhanov's records set an example throughout the country and gave birth to the
Stakhanovite movement, where workers who exceeded production targets could become "Stakhanovites".
Record disputed
The validity of Stakhanov's record has been called into question. In 1985, ''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
'' printed a story alleging that though Stakhanov had indeed succeeded in his feat, it was only because the Communist Party had arranged the event as a way of boosting public morale, with many other miners working to help Stakhanov beat the mining record.
The ''Times'' quoted the chief of the Tsentralnaya-Irmino mine branch of the Party, Konstantin G. Petrov, as saying that "I suppose Stakhanov need not have been the first... It could have been anybody else. In the final analysis, it was not the individual face-worker who determined whether the attempt to break the record would succeed, but the new system of coal extraction."
In 1988, the Soviet newspaper ''
Komsomolskaya Pravda
''Komsomolskaya Pravda'' (russian: link=no, Комсомольская правда; lit. "Komsomol Truth") is a daily Russian tabloid (newspaper format), tabloid newspaper, founded on 13 March 1925.
History and profile
During the Soviet era, ...
'' claimed that the widely cited achievements of Stakhanov were puffery. The paper insisted that Stakhanov had used a number of helpers on support works, while the throughput was tallied for him alone. Still, according to the newspaper, Stakhanov's approach had eventually led to increased productivity by means of better work organization, including specialization and task sequencing.
It has also been claimed that his record was beaten by
Alija Sirotanović of
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
and Sergej Scemuk of
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
.
Personal life
According to a widespread story, Stakhanov was given the name Andrei at birth, but the telegram reporting his record only contained his initial, and the editors of ''
Pravda
''Pravda'' ( rus, Правда, p=ˈpravdə, a=Ru-правда.ogg, "Truth") is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, and was the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most influential papers in the co ...
'' reported his name as Alexey. Rather than admit such a high-profile mistake, authorities decided to replace his passport and other official documents, changing his name to Alexey.
However, his daughter dismissed this as false in a 2012 interview, stating that she had never heard any family members ever call her father Andrei, nor did the name run in the family.
Stakhanov had two partners and six children.
[Pustovoytov, S. ]
Uncovered biography of Stakhanov: 14-year old spouse and homeless style of living
'. Ukrainian initiatives support. 4 August 2011
Legacy
* From 1938 to 1947, the city of
Zhukovsky, Russia was named Stakhanovo.
* From 15 February 1978 to 12 May 2016, the Ukrainian city of Kadiivka was named
Stakhanov Stakhanov may refer to:
* Stakhanov (surname), a Russian surname
* Stakhanov, Ukraine, a city in Ukraine
* Stakhanov coal mine, Ukraine
* Stakhanov Railway Car Building Works, Ukraine
See also
* Stakhanovite movement, diligent and enthusiastic ...
.
*
George Orwell
Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic. His work is characterised by lucid prose, social criticism, opposition to totalitar ...
's novel, ''
Animal Farm
''Animal Farm'' is a beast fable, in the form of satirical allegorical novella, by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945. It tells the story of a group of farm animals who rebel against their human farmer, hoping to crea ...
'', represents him as the character of
Boxer Boxer most commonly refers to:
* Boxer (boxing), a competitor in the sport of boxing
*Boxer (dog), a breed of dog
Boxer or boxers may also refer to:
Animal kingdom
* Boxer crab
* Boxer shrimp, a small group of decapod crustaceans
* Boxer snipe ee ...
.
See also
*
List of people awarded the Hero of Socialist Labour
*
Wang Jinxi
Wang Jinxi or Wang Chin-hsi (; 8 October 1923 – 15 November 1970) was a Chinese model worker and socialist hero known as 'Iron man' Wang, who led No. 1205 drilling team at Daqing Oil Field. He was the subject of a 1964 documentary '' Tieren' ...
*
Frank Laskier
Frank Geoffrey Laskier (1912 – 8 July 1949) New Brighton, Merseyside, New Brighton Wirral Peninsula, Wirral,was a British seaman who came to public attention during World War II.
In late 1940, Laskier was a gunner in the Merchant Navy (Unite ...
*
Lei Feng
*
Alija Sirotanović
Notes
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stakhanov, Alexey
1906 births
1977 deaths
People from Izmalkovsky District
People from Livensky Uyezd (Oryol Governorate)
Ukrainian people of Russian descent
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
First convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Soviet coal miners
Propaganda in the Soviet Union
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Neurological disease deaths in the Soviet Union
Deaths from multiple sclerosis