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Alexander Grigorievich Stoletov (russian: Алекса́ндр Григо́рьевич Столе́тов; 10 August 1839 – 27 May 1896) was a Russian physicist, founder of
His major contributions include pioneer work in the field of ferromagnetism and discovery of the laws and principles of the outer photoelectric effect.
Achievements of Alexander Stoletov include:
Magnetism (1871–1872)
* Stoletov was the first to show that with the increase of the magnetic field the magnetic susceptibility of iron grows, but then begins to decrease.
* Built the curve of the
Alexander Stoletov
at th
Russia InfoCentre
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stoletov Aleksandr Grigorievich 1839 births 1896 deaths People from Vladimir, Russia Physicists from the Russian Empire Inventors from the Russian Empire Russian electrical engineers Imperial Moscow University alumni Moscow State University faculty
electrical engineering
Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems which use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the l ...
, and professor in Moscow University
M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...
. He was the brother of general Nikolai Stoletov.
Biography
Alexander Stoletov defended his doctoral dissertation in 1872 and became professor atMoscow University
M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...
a year later.
After defending his dissertation he became a renowned scientist worldwide. He attended the opening ceremony of the physical laboratory in Cambridge in 1874, and represented Russia at the first World Congress of Electricity in Paris in 1881, where he presented his work on links between electrostatic and electromagnetic values.
Contribution to science
His major contributions include pioneer work in the field of ferromagnetism and discovery of the laws and principles of the outer photoelectric effect.
Achievements of Alexander Stoletov include:
Magnetism (1871–1872)
* Stoletov was the first to show that with the increase of the magnetic field the magnetic susceptibility of iron grows, but then begins to decrease.
* Built the curve of the magnetic permeability
In electromagnetism, permeability is the measure of magnetization that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field. Permeability is typically represented by the (italicized) Greek letter ''μ''. The term was coined by William ...
of ferromagnetics, known as the Stoletov curve
Stoletov curve shows the dependence of the magnetic permeability \chi of ferromagnetics on the intensity of the applied magnetic field ''H''. The curve is named after physicist Aleksandr Stoletov who analyzed in a long series of experiments the mag ...
.
* Developed two new methods for measuring magnetic properties of various materials.
Photoelectric effect (1888–1891)
* Studied the outer photoelectric effect, discovered by Hertz in 1887. Published the results in six works.
* Developed quantitative methods for the study of the photoelectric effect.
* Discovered the direct proportionality between the intensity of light and the corresponding photo induced current (Stoletov's law Stoletov's law (or the first law of photoeffect) for photoelectric effect establishes the direct proportionality between the intensity of electromagnetic radiation acting on a metallic surface and the photocurrent
Photocurrent is the electric curr ...
)
* Discovered the Stoletov constant
Alexander Grigorievich Stoletov (russian: Алекса́ндр Григо́рьевич Столе́тов; 10 August 1839 – 27 May 1896) was a Russian physicist, founder of electrical engineering, and professor in Moscow University. He was the ...
which defines the ratio between the intensity of the electric current and the gas pressure under the maximum current.
* Built the first solar cell
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.
based on the outer photoelectric effect and estimated the response time of the photoelectric current.
* Discovered the decrease of the solar cell's sensitivity with time (fatigue of solar cells).
Other
* Calculated the proportion between electrodynamic and electrostatic units, producing a value very close to the speed of light
The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted , is a universal physical constant that is important in many areas of physics. The speed of light is exactly equal to ). According to the special theory of relativity, is the upper limit ...
.
See also
* List of Russian inventors * Stoletov Moon crater was named after Alexander Stoletov.Publications
Important published works of Alexander Stoletov include: * On the Kohlrausch's measurement of themercury
Mercury commonly refers to:
* Mercury (planet), the nearest planet to the Sun
* Mercury (element), a metallic chemical element with the symbol Hg
* Mercury (mythology), a Roman god
Mercury or The Mercury may also refer to:
Companies
* Merc ...
unit of electric resistance;
* Sur une méthode pour déterminer le rapport des unités électromagnétiques et électrostatiques;
* On the electricity of juxtaposition;
* On the critical state of bodies (4 articles);
* Actino-electric research;
* Ether and electricity;
* Essay on the development of our knowledge of gases;
* Introduction into acoustics and optics.
References
External links
Alexander Stoletov
at th
Russia InfoCentre
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stoletov Aleksandr Grigorievich 1839 births 1896 deaths People from Vladimir, Russia Physicists from the Russian Empire Inventors from the Russian Empire Russian electrical engineers Imperial Moscow University alumni Moscow State University faculty