Alderville First Nation is a band of
Mississaugas
The Mississauga are a subtribe of the Anishinaabe-speaking First Nations peoples located in southern Ontario, Canada. They are closely related to the Ojibwe. The name "Mississauga" comes from the Anishinaabe word ''Misi-zaagiing'', meaning "hose ...
, a sub-nation of the
Ojibway
The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Chippewa, or Saulteaux are an Anishinaabe people in what is currently southern Canada, the northern Midwestern United States, and Northern Plains.
According to the U.S. census, in the United States Ojibwe people are one of ...
s. The
Alderville
Alderville is one of two reserves of the Alderville First Nation, along with Sugar Island 37A. Alderville consists of six non-contiguous areas surrounded by the township of Alnwick/Haldimand
The Township of Alnwick/Haldimand is a township in ...
and
Sugar Island 37A reserve
Reserve or reserves may refer to:
Places
* Reserve, Kansas, a US city
* Reserve, Louisiana, a census-designated place in St. John the Baptist Parish
* Reserve, Montana, a census-designated place in Sheridan County
* Reserve, New Mexico, a US vi ...
s belong to that
First Nation
Indigenous peoples are culturally distinct ethnic groups whose members are directly descended from the earliest known inhabitants of a particular geographic region and, to some extent, maintain the language and culture of those original people ...
band government
In Canada, an Indian band or band (french: bande indienne, link=no), sometimes referred to as a First Nation band (french: bande de la Première Nation, link=no) or simply a First Nation, is the basic unit of government for those peoples subjec ...
.
First Nation
The Alderville First Nation is an
Anishinaabe
The Anishinaabeg (adjectival: Anishinaabe) are a group of culturally related Indigenous peoples present in the Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States. They include the Ojibwe (including Saulteaux and Oji-Cree), Odawa, Potawatomi, ...
First Nation
Indigenous peoples are culturally distinct ethnic groups whose members are directly descended from the earliest known inhabitants of a particular geographic region and, to some extent, maintain the language and culture of those original people ...
located in southern
Ontario
Ontario ( ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada. Located in Central Ca ...
, Canada. As of December 2017, Alderville First Nation had 1,162 registered band members, of which their on-Reserve population was only 323 people, meaning the majority of their registered population live outside the reserve (off-reserve) in neighbouring communities.
Governance
The community is governed by an elected Chief and Council and maintains political affiliations with the
Ogemawahj Tribal Council Ogemawahj Tribal Council is a non-profit Regional Chiefs' Council representing Mississaugas, Ojibwa and Potawatomi First Nations in southern Ontario, Canada. The Council provides advisory services and program delivery to its six member-Nations.
...
, a non-political Regional Chiefs' Council, and the
Anishinabek Nation
The Anishinabek Nation, also known as the Union of Ontario Indians, is a First Nations political organization representing 39 member Anishinabek Nation First Nations in Canada in the province of Ontario, Canada. The organization's roots predate Eu ...
political organization.
Indigenous reserve
The reserve comprises two areas. The main reserve, the
Alderville First Nation (formerly designated as Alderville Indian Reserve 37 by
Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
Indian or Indians may refer to:
Peoples South Asia
* Indian people, people of Indian nationality, or people who have an Indian ancestor
** Non-resident Indian, a citizen of India who has temporarily emigrated to another country
* South Asia ...
), is located near the south shores of
Rice Lake in Ontario (
). It consists of six non-contiguous areas within the
Alnwick/Haldimand Township approximately north of
Cobourg
Cobourg ( ) is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in Southern Ontario east of Toronto and east of Oshawa. It is the largest town in and seat of Northumberland County. Its nearest neighbour is Port Hope, to the west. It is ...
, and occupies a total area of . They also maintain a smaller parcel of land on nearby Sugar Island, the
Sugar Island 37A Indian Reserve (
). It has been home to the Mississauga division of the
Anishinaabe
The Anishinaabeg (adjectival: Anishinaabe) are a group of culturally related Indigenous peoples present in the Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States. They include the Ojibwe (including Saulteaux and Oji-Cree), Odawa, Potawatomi, ...
(Ojibwa) Nation since the mid-1830s.
[General History](_blank)
Alderville First Nation.
History
For centuries until the early 19th century, the ancestors of the people who would found Alderville First Nation had lived in their traditional lands around the
Bay of Quinte
The Bay of Quinte () is a long, narrow bay shaped like the letter "Z" on the northern shore of Lake Ontario in the province of Ontario, Canada. It is just west of the head of the Saint Lawrence River that drains the Great Lakes into the Gulf of ...
- located approximately east of the Nation's current location.
However, with the influx of refugee settlements following the
American Revolution
The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revolut ...
, the community found itself under increased pressure.
Having lost its American colonies, the British relocated the soldiers and civilians loyal to the crown (also known as the
United Empire Loyalists
United Empire Loyalists (or simply Loyalists) is an honorific title which was first given by the 1st Lord Dorchester, the Governor of Quebec, and Governor General of The Canadas, to American Loyalists who resettled in British North America duri ...
) around the Bay of Quinte area. A swath of land between Belleville and
Brockville
Brockville, formerly Elizabethtown, is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada, in the Thousand Islands region. Although it is the seat of the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, it is politically Independent city, independent of the county. It i ...
was purchased from the Mississaugas in the 1783
Crawford Purchase
The Crawford Purchase was an agreement that surrendered lands that extended west along the north shore of the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario from the Mississaugas to the British crown to enable Loyalist settlement in what is now a part of ...
, and the land around the Bay of Quinte was given specifically to the Mohawks under the leadership of
Chief John Deserontyon, who had been dispossessed of their traditional territory in modern-day
New York State
New York, officially the State of New York, is a state in the Northeastern United States. It is often called New York State to distinguish it from its largest city, New York City. With a total area of , New York is the 27th-largest U.S. stat ...
. This group of Mohawks came to be the
Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte First Nation
The Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte (MBQ) (Mohawk: ''Kenhtè:ke Kanyen'kehà:ka'' ) are a Mohawk First Nation within Hastings County, Ontario. They control the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory, which is a Mohawk Indian reserve on the Bay of Quinte in so ...
on what is now known as the
Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory
Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory is the main First Nation reserve of the Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte First Nation. The territory is located in Ontario east of Belleville on the Bay of Quinte. Tyendinaga is located near the site of the former Mohawk ...
.
The Mississaugas of the area lived alongside the Mohawks and other
Haudenosaunee
The Iroquois ( or ), officially the Haudenosaunee ( meaning "people of the longhouse"), are an Iroquoian Peoples, Iroquoian-speaking Confederation#Indigenous confederations in North America, confederacy of First Nations in Canada, First Natio ...
for the first few decades after the latter's canoes made landfall. In the 1820s, many people in the community converted to
Methodism
Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's br ...
, and in the case of the two or three hundred Mississaugas who converted, this led them to settle on the small Grape Island, located off Gravelly Point in
Prince Edward County.
Cannabis industry
Alderville Reserve is home to "The Green Mile", a concentration of cannabis dispensaries that are sometimes described as a
grey market
A grey market or dark market (sometimes confused with the similar term " parallel market") is the trade of a commodity through distribution channels that are not authorized by the original manufacturer or trade mark proprietor. Grey market pr ...
, neither subject to nor operating by provincial dispensary laws.
[Austen, Ia]
"2 years after legalizing cannabis, has Canada kept its promises?" Boston Globe
(Jan. 23, 2021)
Notable members
*
Albert Smoke (1894–1944), Olympic long-distance runner
References
External links
Alderville First NationAboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada profile*
{{Anishinaabe
Mississaugas