Alberto Cianca (1884–1966) was an Italian journalist and anti-fascist politician. He edited several significant publications, including '' Il Mondo'', and served in the Parliament and Senate.

Early life and education

Cianca was born in Rome on 1 January 1884. He had a bachelor's degree in law.

Career

He started his career as a journalist and worked as a parliamentary reporter for the Rome-based newspaper ''La Tribuna''. Then he worked for ''Secolo'' in Milan and later, he served as the

editor-in-chief An editor-in-chief (EIC), also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies. The highest-ranking editor of a publication may also be titled editor, managing ...

of '' Il Messaggero'' in Roma from which he resigned in 1921. Then he worked for ''

L'Ora ''L'Ora'' (English: ''The Hour'') was a Sicilian daily newspaper published in Palermo. The paper was founded in 1900 and stopped being published in 1992. In the 1950s-1980s the paper was known for its investigative reporting about the Sicilian Ma ...

''. He was the director of ''Il Mondo'' from its start in 1922 to its closure in 1926. The paper was the most significant opposition publication against Fascist government of Benito Mussolini. Cianca also edited another anti-fascist publication, '' Il Becco Giallo'', a weekly satirical magazine.

Exile

In 1927 Cianca left Italy to avoid from being arrested and settled in Paris. There he edited some publications and involved in the establishment of an anti-Fascist resistance movement,

Giustizia e Libertà Giustizia e Libertà (; en, Justice and Freedom) was an Italian anti-fascist resistance movement, active from 1929 to 1945.James D. Wilkinson (1981). ''The Intellectual Resistance Movement in Europe''. Harvard University Press. p. 224. The mov ...

. In the establishment of the Giustizia e Libertà he collaborated with Carlo Rosselli, Nello Rosselli,

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Alberto Tarchiani Alberto Tarchiani (11 November 1885 – 30 November 1964) was an Italian journalist, politician, and diplomat. Biography Born in Rome, Tarchiani studied at La Sapienza, at the University of Genoa and at the University of Florence, and started ...

, Fausto Nitti and

Gaetano Salvemini Gaetano Salvemini (; 8 September 1873 – 6 September 1957) was an Italian Socialist and antifascist politician, historian and writer. Born in a family of modest means, he became an acclaimed historian both in Italy and abroad, particularly in ...

. Cianca managed to resume the publication of ''Il Becco Giallo'' in Paris, and also, he and Carlo Rosselli edited a weekly publication of Giustizia e Libertà which was also entitled ''

''. In fact, Rosselli was the editor of the weekly between 1934 and his death in 1937, and Cianca succeeded him in the post. When

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

broke out and France was

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forces Cianca took refuge in the United States. In 1940 he involved in the establishment of the

Mazzini Society The Mazzini Society was an antifascist political association, formed on a democratic and republican basis, situating itself within the tradition of the Risorgimento, and created in the United States by Italian-American immigrants in the late 1930s. ...

in New York City which was among the antifascist organizations founded by Italian political exiles in the United States. Cianca and his close ally Alberto Tarchiani were very active in the society dealing with its administrative operations. Cianca was also named the president of the society's New York branch. Following the end of the Fascist rule in Italy Cianca and other Italian exiles returned to Italy which led to the end of the Mazzini Society.

Later years and death

Upon his return to Italy Cianca became the leader of the Action Party. He was a member of the National Council and a minister in the first cabinet of Alcide De Gasperi. He was among the few elected members of the Action Party to the

Constituent Assembly A constituent assembly (also known as a constitutional convention, constitutional congress, or constitutional assembly) is a body assembled for the purpose of drafting or revising a constitution. Members of a constituent assembly may be elected b ...

in 1946 and also, the last secretary of the Action Party before its closure. Then Cianca joined the

Italian Socialist Party The Italian Socialist Party (, PSI) was a socialist and later social-democratic political party in Italy, whose history stretched for longer than a century, making it one of the longest-living parties of the country. Founded in Genoa in 1892, ...

and was elected senator on its lists in the elections in 1953 and 1958. Cianca served several times as the president of the board of arbitrators of Italian journalists. He died in Rome on 8 January 1966.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Cianca, Alberto 20th-century Italian journalists 1884 births 1966 deaths Action Party (Italy) politicians Government ministers of Italy Italian expatriates in France Italian expatriates in the United States Italian magazine editors Italian newspaper editors Italian Socialist Party politicians Members of the National Council (Italy) Members of Giustizia e Libertà Senators of Legislature II of Italy Senators of Legislature III of Italy Politicians from Rome