Alberto Acquacalda (1 August 1898 – 11 August 1921) was an

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...

anarchist Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including, though not neces ...

and

communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

. He was a member of the

anti-fascist Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were ...

militant group

Arditi del Popolo The ''Arditi del Popolo'' (''The People's Daring Ones'') was an Italian militant anti-fascist group founded at the end of June 1921 to resist the rise of Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party and the violence of the Blackshirts (''squadris ...

. He was assassinated by fascist

blackshirts The Voluntary Militia for National Security ( it, Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN), commonly called the Blackshirts ( it, Camicie Nere, CCNN, singular: ) or (singular: ), was originally the paramilitary wing of the Natio ...

at the age of 23. A street in

Lugo Lugo (, ; la, Lucus Augusti) is a city in northwestern Spain in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Galicia (Spain), Galicia. It is the capital of the Lugo (province), province of Lugo. The municipality had a population ...

Ravenna Ravenna ( , , also ; rgn, Ravèna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 408 until its collapse in 476. It then served as the cap ...

is named after him.

Biography

Ideologically he was educated on

Giuseppe Mazzini Giuseppe Mazzini (, , ; 22 June 1805 – 10 March 1872) was an Italian politician, journalist, and activist for the unification of Italy (Risorgimento) and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about the in ...

's ideas and was a " left interventionist". From some notes of the

Province of Ravenna The province of Ravenna ( it, provincia di Ravenna; ) is a province in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Ravenna. As of 2015, it has a population of 391,997 inhabitants over an area of , giving it a population density ...

(he was filed on August 2, 1921) he was an honest person, well regarded both by the public and within his family. Of higher culture, having attended a technical institute, and able to advocate for his ideology, he was well known for socializing with anarchists and communists. During

Biennio Rosso The Biennio Rosso (English: "Red Biennium" or "Two Red Years") was a two-year period, between 1919 and 1920, of intense social conflict in Italy, following the First World War.Brunella Dalla Casa, ''Composizione di classe, rivendicazioni e prof ...

, he carried out a revolutionary "active propaganda" in the Ravenna area and in January 1921 he joined the

Communist Party of Italy The Italian Communist Party ( it, Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI) was a communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current ...

. It is specified, again in the filing, that from then on he participated in all party initiatives, demonstrating his organizational and leadership skills. He was appointed instructor and team leader of the ''Arditi del Popolo'' of Ravenna.

Death

In March 1921 he led ''Arditi del Popolo'' in their campaign to face the squadrist offensive in

Romagna Romagna ( rgn, Rumâgna) is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna, North Italy. Traditionally, it is limited by the Apennines to the south-west, the Adriatic to t ...

. Acquacalda died the day after the assassination of Supremo Randi and the fascist establishment in the city of

. He went to the occupied Lugo together with other members of ''Arditi del Popolo'' and were forced to stop due to a car breakdown. While being stopped they were recognized by fascists perhaps due to information about their arrival in Lugo having been transmitted to local fascists. They were attacked by blackshirts with sticks, knives and guns and being heavily outnumbered, Acquacalda and his three companions (one of which was Rodolfo Salvagiani) were all wounded. Acquacalda received two stabs and five pistol shots and died at night in Lugo hospital.

References

1898 births 1921 deaths Italian anarchists Italian communists People from Ravenna {{Anarchist-stub Murdered anarchists