The Alabama cave shrimp (''Palaemonias alabamae'') is a
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
of
shrimp in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Atyidae
Atyidae is a family of shrimp, present in all tropical and most temperate waters of the world. Adults of this family are almost always confined to fresh water. This is the only family in the superfamily Atyoidea.
Genera and species
The followin ...
, found only in caves in the state of
Alabama
(We dare defend our rights)
, anthem = "Alabama"
, image_map = Alabama in United States.svg
, seat = Montgomery
, LargestCity = Huntsville
, LargestCounty = Baldwin County
, LargestMetro = Greater Birmingham
, area_total_km2 = 135,765 ...
.
Conservation status
''Palaemonias alabamae'' is listed as an
endangered species both on the
IUCN Red List
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biol ...
,
and since September 7, 1988, under the U.S.
Endangered Species Act.
Distribution
The Alabama cave shrimp is only known from five
cave
A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word ''cave'' can refer to smaller openings such as sea ...
s, all in
Madison County,
Alabama
(We dare defend our rights)
, anthem = "Alabama"
, image_map = Alabama in United States.svg
, seat = Montgomery
, LargestCity = Huntsville
, LargestCounty = Baldwin County
, LargestMetro = Greater Birmingham
, area_total_km2 = 135,765 ...
.
Shelta Cave
Shelta Cave is a cave and lake located in Huntsville, Madison County, Alabama, United States. It is described as one of the most bio-diverse caves within the Appalachian Mountains. The cave is currently owned and managed as a nature preserve by ...
is the species'
type locality, but viable populations have only been confirmed in
Bobcat Cave and the complex comprising Hering Cave, Glover Cave and Brazelton Cave.
Ecology
''P. alabamae'' occurs in cave pools with
silt
Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay and composed mostly of broken grains of quartz. Silt may occur as a soil (often mixed with sand or clay) or as sediment mixed in suspension with water. Silt usually has a floury feel ...
y bottoms.
Predators of the Alabama cave shrimp include the
southern cavefish
''Typhlichthys subterraneus'', the southern cavefish, is a species of cavefish in the family Amblyopsidae endemic to karst regions of the eastern United States.
Taxonomy
''T. subterraneus'' is a one of five obligate troglobitic species in Ambly ...
''
Typhlichthys subterraneus
''Typhlichthys subterraneus'', the southern cavefish, is a species of cavefish in the family Amblyopsidae endemic to karst regions of the eastern United States.
Taxonomy
''T. subterraneus'' is a one of five obligate troglobitic species in Ambl ...
'', the
Tennessee cave salamander
The Tennessee cave salamander (''Gyrinophilus palleucus'') is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae, endemic to the Appalachian Mountains in the United States. Its natural habitats are streams in caves. It is threatened by habitat ...
''
Gyrinophilus palleucus
The Tennessee cave salamander (''Gyrinophilus palleucus'') is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae, endemic to the Appalachian Mountains in the United States. Its natural habitats are streams in caves. It is threatened by habitat ...
'', various
crayfish species,
bullfrog
''Bullfrog'' is a common English language term to refer to large, aggressive frogs, regardless of species.
Examples of bullfrogs include:
Frog species America
* Helmeted water toad (''Calyptocephalella gayi''), endemic to Chile
*American bullfr ...
s and
raccoon
The raccoon ( or , ''Procyon lotor''), sometimes called the common raccoon to distinguish it from other species, is a mammal native to North America. It is the largest of the procyonid family, having a body length of , and a body weight of ...
s.
Taxonomy
The closest relative of the Alabama cave shrimp is the
Kentucky cave shrimp
The Kentucky cave shrimp (''Palaemonias ganteri'') is an eyeless, troglobite shrimp. It lives in caves in Barren County, Edmonson County, Hart County and Warren County, Kentucky. The shrimp's shell has no pigment; the species is nearly transpa ...
, ''Palaemonias ganteri'', which lives in
Mammoth Cave National Park,
Kentucky
Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia ...
.
The two species can be distinguished by size (''P. alabamae'' being larger than ''P. ganteri''), the longer
rostrum
Rostrum may refer to:
* Any kind of a platform for a speaker:
**dais
**pulpit
* Rostrum (anatomy), a beak, or anatomical structure resembling a beak, as in the mouthparts of many sucking insects
* Rostrum (ship), a form of bow on naval ships
* Ros ...
in ''P. alabamae'', and the greater number of spines on the rostrum of ''P. alabamae''.
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3935149
Atyidae
Crustaceans of the United States
Cave shrimp
Endemic fauna of Alabama
Freshwater crustaceans of North America
Madison County, Alabama
Crustaceans described in 1961
Endangered fauna of the United States
ESA endangered species