The Czech Academy of Sciences (abbr. CAS, cs, Akademie věd České republiky, abbr. AV ČR) was established in 1992 by the

Czech National Council The Czech National Council ( cs, Česká národní rada, ČNR) was the legislative body of the Czech Republic since 1968 when the Czech Republic was created as a member state of Czech-Slovak federation. It was legally transformed into the Cham ...

as the Czech successor of the former

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences The Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Czech: ''Československá akademie věd'', Slovak: ''Česko-slovenská akadémia vied'') was established in 1953 to be the scientific center for Czechoslovakia. It was succeeded by the Czech Academy of Science ...

and its tradition goes back to the

Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences ( la, Regia Societas Scientiarum Bohemica; german: Königliche böhmische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften; cs, Královská česká společnost nauk) was established in 1784 – originally without the adjective " ...

(founded in 1784) and the

Emperor Franz Joseph Czech Academy for Sciences, Literature and Arts An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother (empr ...

(founded in 1890). The Academy is the leading non-university public research institution in the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

. It conducts both fundamental and strategic applied research. It has three scientific divisions, namely the Division of

Mathematics Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...

Physics Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which r ...

, and Earth Sciences, Division of Chemical and

Life Sciences This list of life sciences comprises the branches of science that involve the scientific study of life – such as microorganisms, plants, and animals including human beings. This science is one of the two major branches of natural science, the ...

, and Division of

Humanities Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the t ...

and

Social Sciences Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of soci ...

. The Academy currently manages a network of sixty research institutes and five supporting units staffed by a total of 6,400 employees, over one half of whom are university-trained researchers and

Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is a ...

scientists. The Head Office of the Academy and forty research institutes are located in

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

, the remaining institutes being situated throughout the country.

History

The establishment of the academy in 1992 follows several previous organizations: * Royal Czech Society of Doctrines (Královská česká společnost nauk), 1784–1952 * (Česká akademie věd a umění), 1890–1952 * Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Československá akademie věd), 1953-1992 In 2010 the academy adopted an

open access policy An open-access mandate is a policy adopted by a research institution, research funder, or government which requires or recommends researchers—usually university faculty or research staff and/or research grant recipients—to make their publishe ...

to make its research outputs free to read and reuse.

Institutes of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Ondřejov - radioteleskop na radarové louce (2)

The official structure of the CAS consists of three areas (sciences about inanimate nature, life sciences, and humanities), each with three sections. Each of these 9 sections contains between 4 and 8 institutes. An institute is divided further into departments, laboratories, or working teams, depending on the size and the topic of the institute.

The Area of the Sciences About Inanimate Nature

Section 1: Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics

* Astronomical institute ''(Astronomický ústav),'' founded in 1954 * Institute of Physics * Institute of Mathematics * Institute of Computer Science (ICS) * Nuclear Physics Institute * Institute of Information Theory and Automation of the CAS (UTIA), founded in 1959

Section 2: Applied Physics

* Institute of Photonics and Electronics * Institute of Physics of Materials * Institute of Plasma Physics * Institute of Hydrodynamics * Institute of Scientific Instruments
Institute of Thermomechanics
* Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

Section 3: Earth Sciences

* Geophysical Institute * Institute of Geology *

Institute of Atmospheric Physics An institute is an organisational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body. In some countries, institutes can ...

, established in 1964 * Institute of Geonics * Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics

The Area of Life Sciences and Chemical Sciences

Section 4: Chemical Sciences

* Institute of Inorganic Chemistry *

J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry ''J. The Jewish News of Northern California'', formerly known as ''Jweekly'', is a weekly print newspaper in Northern California, with its online edition updated daily. It is owned and operated by San Francisco Jewish Community Publications In ...

(''Ústav fyzikální chemie Jaroslava Heyrovského,'' named after Jaroslav Heyrovský; abbreviated: ''JHI'' respectively ''UFCH JH''), established in 1972 – merger of the ''Institute of Physical Chemistry'' and the ''Institute of Polarography'' * Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, founded in 1960 * Institute of Analytical Chemistry * Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry">Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry

Section 5: Biological and Medical Sciences

* Institute of Biophysics * Biotechnology Institute * Institute of Physiology * Institute of Microbiology * Institute of Experimental Botany * Institute of Experimental Medicine The Institute of Experimental Education in St Petersburg is one of the oldest scientific establishments in Russia. It was founded by Alexander of Oldenburg in 1888 along the lines of Louis Pasteur's Pasteur Institute. It was here that Pavlov did ...

* Institute of Molecular Genetics * Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics

Section 6: Biological and Ecological Sciences

* Biology Centre * Institute of Botany * Institute of Vertebrate Biology * Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology

The Area of Humanities and Social Sciences

Section 7: Social Sciences and Economy

* Economics Institute (EI) (departments: CERGE-EI">Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education (CERGE), founded 1991) * Institute of Psychology * Institute of Sociology * Institute of State and Law

Section 8: History

* Institute of Archaeology (Prague) * Institute of Archaeology (Brno) * Institute of History * Masaryk's Institute and Archives * Institute of Art History * Institute of Contemporary History

Section 9: Humanities and Philosophy

* Institute of Ethnology * Institute of Philosophy (and its specialized department

Centre for Medieval Studies Medieval studies is the academic interdisciplinary study of the Middle Ages. Institutional development The term 'medieval studies' began to be adopted by academics in the opening decades of the twentieth century, initially in the titles of books ...

) * Oriental Institute * Institute of Slavonic Studies * Institute of Czech Literature * Institute of Czech Language, ''(Ústav pro jazyk český),'' founded in 1946

Literature

References

External links

Official Web site
(in English) {{DEFAULTSORT:Czech Academy Of Sciences

Science and technology in the Czech Republic 1992 establishments in Czechoslovakia Scientific organizations established in 1992 Members of the International Council for Science Members of the International Science Council