''Air Raid'' is the second album by the improvisational collective

Air The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, known collectively as air, retained by Earth's gravity that surrounds the planet and forms its planetary atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing f ...

featuring

Henry Threadgill Henry Threadgill (born February 15, 1944) is an American composer, saxophonist and flautist. He came to prominence in the 1970s leading ensembles rooted in jazz but with unusual instrumentation and often incorporating other genres of music. He h ...

, Steve McCall, and

Fred Hopkins Fred Hopkins (October 11, 1947 – January 7, 1999) was an American double bassist who played a major role in the development of the avant-garde jazz movement. He was best known for his association with the trio Air with Henry Threadgill and St ...

performing four of Threadgill's compositions.Backstrom, L. & Lopez, R
Henry Threadgill discography
accessed February 10, 2010 The album was originally released on the Japanese

Why Not Why Not may refer to: Film and TV * '' Why Not? with Shania Twain'', an American TV show * '' Pourquoi pas!'' (''Why Not!''), a 1977 French film starring Sami Frey * ''Why Not?'', a 2019 short thriller movie directed by Buğra Mert Alkayalar ...

label in 1976 and later released in the U.S. on

India Navigation India Navigation was an American record company and independent record label that specialized in avant-garde jazz in the 1970s and 1980s. It was founded by Bob Cummins, a corporate lawyer who helped jazz musicians with legal matters. Its catalog ...

in 1984.

Reception

The

Allmusic AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide and AMG) is an American online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on musicians and bands. Initiated in 1991, the databas ...

review by Thom Jurek stated: "The critical success of Air's debut album, '' Air Song'', dictated both more of the same and a difference in approach over ''Air Raid''... The concept of group improvisation was the same, but Henry Threadgill's compositional notions began to come through in his solos... Another fine effort".Jurek, T.

Allmusic Review AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide and AMG) is an American online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on musicians and bands. Initiated in 1991, the databas ...

accessed February 10, 2010.

Track listing

:''All compositions by Henry Threadgill'' # "Air Raid" – 11:55 # "Midnight Sun" – 7:05 # "Release" – 16:31 # "Through a Keyhole Darkly" – 7:20 * Recorded at Basement Studio, New York City on July 15, 1976

Personnel

– Chinese musette (track 1),

alto saxophone The alto saxophone is a member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments. Saxophones were invented by Belgian instrument designer Adolphe Sax in the 1840s and patented in 1846. The alto saxophone is pitched in E, smaller than the B tenor ...

(tracks 1 & 2),

flute The flute is a family of classical music instrument in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, meaning they make sound by vibrating a column of air. However, unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is a reedless ...

(track 3), hubkaphone (track 3),

tenor saxophone The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the saxophone family, a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s. The tenor and the alto are the two most commonly used saxophones. The tenor is pitched in the key of B (while th ...

(track 4) *

– bass * Steve McCall –

drums A drum kit (also called a drum set, trap set, or simply drums) is a collection of drums, cymbals, and other Percussion instrument, auxiliary percussion instruments set up to be played by one person. The player (drummer) typically holds a pair o ...

References

{{Authority control 1976 albums Air (free jazz trio) albums India Navigation albums Whynot Records albums