Agostino Rivarola or Rivaròla (14 March 1758 – 7 November 1842) was an Italian

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

cardinal. He is known for his vigorous defense of papal authority during and after the

Napoleonic Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

invasion.

Biography

He was born in

Genoa Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the List of cities in Italy, sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian ce ...

. He may be related to the Cardinal Domenico Rivarola (1575-1627). He rose to become governor of

San Severino Marche San Severino Marche is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about southwest of Ancona and about southwest of Macerata. History From prehistory to Roman age The oldest remains of human pre ...

in 1793-1797, then apostolic protonotary in 1800. He fled from French forces until the restoration of Papal authority in 1814. By 1817, he had been named cardinal. During 1824-1826, he pursued

Carbonari The Carbonari () was an informal network of secret revolutionary societies active in Italy from about 1800 to 1831. The Italian Carbonari may have further influenced other revolutionary groups in France, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay and Ru ...

revolutionaries in the province of Ravenna. Over 500 were imprisoned in 1825, including 5 capital punishments (all commuted). In 1826, he returned to Rome. However prior to returning to Rome, on 23 July 1826, while his carriage was on the streets of Ravenna, a pair of Carbonari attempted to assassinate him by firing into his cab. A fellow passenger of his entourage, Canon Muti, died from the gunshot. A later investigation under

Pope Leo XII Pope Leo XII ( it, Leone XII; born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga (; 2 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death ...

was concluded on 26 April 1828 with five death sentences, which putatively were carried out in Ravenna on 13 May 1828. They included Leonida Montanari and Angelo Targhini. Rivarola participated in the conclave of 1829 and conclave of 1830-1831.Biographies of Cardinals
, hosted at Florida International University.

In the Media

Cardinal Rivarola has been played by: *

Ugo Tognazzi Ugo Tognazzi (23 March 1922 – 27 October 1990) was an Italian actor, director, and screenwriter. Early life Tognazzi was born in Cremona, in northern Italy but spent his youth in various localities as his father was a travelling clerk fo ...

in the movie

Nell'anno del Signore ''The Conspirators'' (Italian: ''Nell'anno del Signore'') is a 1969 Italian historical film, historical comedy drama film written and directed by Luigi Magni and starring Nino Manfredi, Enrico Maria Salerno and Claudia Cardinale. It is based on th ...

(1969); *

Nino Manfredi Saturnino "Nino" Manfredi (22 March 1921 – 4 June 2004) was an Italian actor, voice actor, director, screenwriter, playwright, comedian, singer, author, radio personality and television presenter. He was one of the most prominent Italian a ...

in the movie

La Carbonara ''La Carbonara'' is a List of Italian films of 2000, 2000 Cinema of Italy, Italian Historical film, historical comedy-drama film written and directed by Luigi Magni.Franco Montini, Piero Spila, ''Il mondo di Luigi Magni : avventure, sogni e disinc ...

(2000);

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rivarola Agostino 1758 births 1842 deaths Clergy from Genoa 19th-century Italian cardinals Apostolic pronotaries Carbonari Recipients of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus Cardinals created by Pope Pius VII