''Aglaonema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae. They are native to tropical and

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ...

regions of Asia and New Guinea.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref>''Aglaonema''.
Flora of China. They are known commonly as Chinese evergreens.Chen, J., et al
Cultural Guidelines for Commercial Production of Interiorscape ''Aglaonema''.
ENH957. Environmental Horticulture. Florida Cooperative Extension Service. University of Florida IFAS. 2003.

Description

These are evergreen perennials with stems growing erect or decumbent and creeping. Stems that grow along the ground may root at the nodes. There is generally a crown of wide leaf blades which in wild species are often variegated with silver and green coloration. The inflorescence bears unisexual flowers in a spadix, with a short zone of female flowers near the base and a wider zone of male flowers nearer the tip. The fruit is a fleshy

berry A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart, and do not have a stone or pit, although many pips or seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, raspb ...

that ripens red. The fruit is a thin layer covering one large seed. Plants of the genus are native to humid, shady tropical forest habitat.

Cultivation and uses

''Aglaonema'' have been grown as luck-bringing ornamental plants in Asia for centuries. They were introduced to the West in 1885, when they were first brought to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. They have been cultivated, hybridized, and bred into a wide array of cultivars. They live in low-light conditions and are popular houseplants. This mainly tropical genus is known for its intolerance of cold temperatures. Chilling injury can begin at .Chen, J., et al
Chilling Injury in Tropical Foliage Plants: II. ''Aglaonema''.
ENH843. Environmental Horticulture. Florida Cooperative Extension Service. University of Florida IFAS. 2001. The injury manifests in dark, greasy-looking patches on the foliage. Cultivars have been selected for their shape and size, and especially for the color and pattern of the leaves. Many have white or cream-colored stems. Some have also been developed to tolerate colder temperatures. The most common cultivar is 'Silver Queen', which has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's

Award of Garden Merit The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions. History The Award of Garden Merit ...

. Most propagation of ''Aglaonema'' is done with cuttings and by dividing the basal shoots. Care of the houseplant involves protecting it from cold temperatures and excessive sunlight and removing any inflorescences that develop, which can prolong the life of the plant. It requires moist soil, and while some cultivars require a small amount of fertilizer, plants are easily injured when oversupplemented. ''Aglaonema'' are prone to false mites (''

Brevipalpus ''Brevipalpus'' is a genus of mites in the family Tenuipalpidae, the flat mites.nematode The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhab ...

s, such as root-knot nematodes and '' Pratylenchus'' species, which cause root lesions. Pathogens include the fungus '' Myrothecium roridum'' and bacteria such as ''

Pseudomonas cichorii ''Pseudomonas cichorii'' is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that is pathogenic to plants. It has a wide host range, and can have an important economical impact on lettuce, celery and chrysanthemum crops. ''P. cichorii'' was first isolated on endi ...

'', ''

Erwinia chrysanthemi ''Dickeya dadantii'' is a gram-negative bacillus that belongs to the family Pectobacteriaceae. It was formerly known as ''Erwinia chrysanthemi'' but was reassigned as ''Dickeya dadantii'' in 2005. Members of this family are facultative anaerobes ...

'', and '' Xanthomonas campestris'', which can all cause leaf spot. '' Colletotrichum'' fungi can cause

anthracnose A plant canker is a small area of dead tissue, which grows slowly, often over years. Some cankers are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal and therefore can have major economic implications for agriculture and horticultur ...

. The NASA Clean Air Study determined that the species ''modestum'' of this plant genus was effective at removing common household air toxins formaldehyde and benzene. ''Aglaonema'' plants are poisonous due to

calcium oxalate Calcium oxalate (in archaic terminology, oxalate of lime) is a calcium salt of oxalic acid with the chemical formula . It forms hydrates , where ''n'' varies from 1 to 3. Anhydrous and all hydrated forms are colorless or white. The monohydrate ...

crystals. If ingested they cause irritation of the mucous membranes, and the juice can cause skin irritation and painful rash.Toxic Plants.
Safe and Poisonous Garden Plants. Agriculture and Natural Resources. University of California.

Diversity

Species include: # '' Aglaonema brevispathum'' – Indochina # '' Aglaonema chermsiriwattanae'' – Thailand # '' Aglaonema cochinchense'' – Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia # ''

Aglaonema commutatum ''Aglaonema commutatum'', the poison dart plant, is a species of flowering plant in the Chinese evergreen genus '' Aglaonema'', family Araceae. It is native to the Philippines and northeastern Sulawesi, and has been introduced to other tropical ...

'' – Philippines, Sulawesi; naturalized in West Indies # ''

Aglaonema cordifolium ''Aglaonema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and New Guinea.Aglaonema costatum'' – Fox's aglaonema, spotted evergreen – Pulau Langkawi, Indochina # '' Aglaonema densinervium'' – Philippines, Sulawesi # '' Aglaonema flemingianum'' – Terengganu # '' Aglaonema hookerianum'' – Darjiling, Assam, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar # '' Aglaonema marantifolium'' – Maluku, New Guinea # ''

Aglaonema modestum ''Aglaonema modestum'', called Chinese evergreen, green-for-ten-thousand-years, and lily of China, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Aglaonema'', native to Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and southeast and south-central China. ...

'' – Japanese-leaf – Bangladesh, Indochina, southern China # '' Aglaonema nebulosum'' – Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra # ''

Aglaonema nitidum ''Aglaonema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and New Guinea.

'' – Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Indochina # '' Aglaonema ovatum'' – Laos, Thailand, Vietnam # '' Aglaonema philippinense'' – Philippines, Sulawesi # '' Aglaonema pictum'' – Nias, Sumatra # '' Aglaonema pumilum'' – Myanmar, Thailand # ''

Aglaonema roebelinii ''Aglaonema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and New Guinea.Aglaonema rotundum'' – Sumatra # '' Aglaonema simplex'' – Malayan-sword – Yunnan, Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines # '' Aglaonema tricolor'' – Philippines #'' Aglaonema vittatum'' – Sumatra, Lingga Islands

References

External links

The Genus ''Aglaonema''.
aroid.org {{Taxonbar, from=Q740819 Aroideae Araceae genera House plants