Agha Hossein Khansari ( fa, آقا حسین خوانساری), full name Hossein ibn Jamal al-Din Mohammad Khansari ( fa, حسین بن جمال الدین محمد خوانساری), known as Mohaghegh Khansari ( fa, محقق خوانساری) and also known as "''Master of all in all''" ( ar, استاد الکلّ فی الکلّ), who was nicknamed "''the disciple of mankind''" ( ar, تلمیذ البشر) because of the many masters he acquired knowledge in their presence, was one of the great

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

jurists A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyses and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal qualification in law and often a legal practitioner. In the U ...

of ''Isfahan jurisprudential school'' (born in 1607 in Khansar, died in 1687 in Isfahan) in the 11th century AH, who was also engaged in philosophy and wisdom. He was one of the high level scholars during the reign of Sultan Suleiman of the Safavid dynasty and after the death of ''Mir Seyyed Mohammad Masoom'' in 1683, he became the Shaykh al-Islām of Isfahan. His children are ''Jamaluddin Mohammad'' known as ''Agha Jamal Khansari'' and ''Raziauddin Mohammad'' known as ''Agha Razi Khansari''.

Life and educations

''Agha Hossein Khansari'' was born on 1607 in

Khansar, Iran Khansar ( fa, خوانسار, Khwānsār, also Romanized as Xānsār) is a city in Isfahan province of Iran and the center of Khansar county. The history of Khansar dates back to pre-Islamic times. "Khan" meaning spring and "Sar" suffix indicate pl ...

. Before reaching the age of puberty, Agha Hossein went to Isfahan to study Islamic sciences and studied at ''Khajeh Molk School'' of

Isfahan Seminary The Isfahan Seminary is one of the oldest Seminary, seminaries in Isfahan, Iran. Currently, more than 40 schools in Isfahan province are under the supervision of the ''Management Center of Isfahan Seminary'' and the leadership of the supreme autho ...

. In Isfahan, he used the presence of many professors and for this reason he called himself ''"the disciple of mankind"'' which refers to the multiplicity of his professors. He studied the rational sciences under the tutelage of Mir Fendereski and the traditional sciences under the tutelage of Mohammad Taghi Majlesi,

Khalifeh Soltan Sayyed Ala al-Din Hoseyn ( fa, سید علاء الدین حسین) (c.1592 5March 1654), better known as Khalifeh Soltan (), and also known as Soltan al-Ulama (), was an Iranian statesman and cleric, who served as the grand vizier of the Safavi ...

, Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari, Heydar Khansari and ... . ''Agha Hossein Khansari'' had important permits in review and issuance of Islamic scientific content, including the permission of about 20 pages from ''Mohammad Taghi Majlesi''. Although he was afflicted with poverty during his studies, he eventually reached the point where Shah Suleiman entrusted him with the position of viceroy and overseer on the monarchy and the care of state affairs. He was proficient in rational and traditional sciences and, according to ''Mirza Abdollah Afandi Isfahani'', was a "supporter of the scholars."

From the point of view of others

Ali Khamenei, the current

Supreme Leader of Iran The Supreme Leader of Iran ( fa, رهبر ایران, rahbar-e irān) is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader directs the executive system and judicial system of the Islamic theocratic government and is the co ...

, has said about the ''Khansari family'':

Morteza Motahhari Morteza Motahhari ( fa, مرتضی مطهری, also Romanized as "Mortezā Motahharī"; 31 January 1919 – 1 May 1979) was an Iranian Twelver Shia scholar, philosopher, lecturer. Motahhari is considered to have an important influence on th ...

, has said about ''Agha Hossein Khansari'':

Political and social activity

''Agha Hossein Khansari'' had a special place in the government of Shah Suleiman, so that when the Shah traveled, he asked ''Agha Hossein Khansari'' to run the government affairs as his viceroy; And ''Agha Hossein Khansari'' had accepted. Another prominent feature of ''Agha Hossein Khansari'' was his refuge for the poor and helpless, and he made great efforts to meet the needs of the people.

Religious career

''Agha Hossein Khansari'' taught in both the rational and traditional categories and has trained prominent students in the field of Islamic sciences, including: * Al-Hurr al-Amili * Nematollah Jazayeri *

Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi Mohammad Baqer Majlesi (b. 1037/1628-29 – d. 1110/1699) ( fa, علامه مجلسی ''Allameh Majlesi''; also Romanized as: Majlessi, Majlisi, Madjlessi), known as Allamah Majlesi or Majlesi Al-Thani (Majlesi the Second), was a renowned and ver ...

* Mohammad Saleh Hosseini Khatoon Abadi, who studied with him for 20 years. * Mohammad Bagher Hosseini Khatoon Abadi * Agha Jamal Khansari, his son. * Agha Razi Khansari, his other son. * Sheikh Jafar Qazi * Mirza Mohammad ibn Hassan Shirvani * Mullah Mohammad Jafar Sabzevari * Mohammad ibn Abdolfattah Tonekaboni * Alireza Shirazi, who was a great poet. * Mirza Abdollah Afandi

Bibliography

''Agha Hossein Khansari'' was a prolific writer and left many works. His writings can be divided into 3 categories:

Printed works

* Masharegh al-Shomoos fi Sharhe al-Doroos ('' ar, مشارق الشموس فی شرح الدروس'', ''The Golden Tips in the Explanation of the Doroos''): His famous book in Islamic jurisprudence, which is a commentary on the book of Al-Doroos written by

Muhammad Jamaluddin al-Makki al-Amili Sheikh Abu Abdullah Muhammad Jamal Ad-Deen Al-Makki Al-Amili Al-Jizzeeni (1334–1385), better known as ash-Shahid al-Awwal ( ar, ٱلشَّهِيد ٱلْأَوَّل, ' "The First Martyr") or Shams Ad-Deen (), was a Shi'a scholar and the author o ...

(1334–1385). This book is incomplete and ''Agha Hossein Khansari'' has not succeeded in completing the description of the news of

The Twelve Imams The Twelve Imams ( ar, ٱلْأَئِمَّة ٱلْٱثْنَا عَشَر, '; fa, دوازده امام, ') are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Twelver branch of Islam, including that of the Alawi ...

and the speeches of the

Twelver Twelver Shīʿīsm ( ar, ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة; '), also known as Imāmīyyah ( ar, إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa Islam, comprising about 85 percent of all Shīʿa Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers t ...

jurists in each topic. ''Mohammad Bagher Khansari'' in his book ''Rawdat Al-Janat'' has said that this book is unique in terms of the number of researches. This book has been published twice in 1888 and 1893 in

Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...

. * Taligheh bar Hashieh Mohaghegh Sabzevari ('' fa, تعلیقه بر حاشیه محقق سبزواری'', ''Comment on the Hashieh of Mohaghegh Sabzevari''): Comment on the book ''Hashieh'' of the author ''Mohammad Bagher Sabzevari'', Tehran, 1899 * Al-Resaleh fi Moghadamat al-Vajeb ('' ar, الرسالة فی مقدمةالواجب'', ''The message in the introduction to the assignment''): Iran, 1899

Manuscripts

* Hashieh Esharat ('' fa, حاشیه اشارات'', ''Comment on the book "Isharat"'') * Ensha Darbareye Hormate Sharaab ('' fa, انشاء درباره حرمت شراب'', ''Essay on the sanctity of wine'') * Hashieh bar Sharhe Tajreede Allame Helli ('' fa, حاشیه بر شرح تجرید علامه حلی'', ''Comment on the book "Sharhe Tajreed" of

Allamah Al-Hilli Jamāl ad-Dīn al-Ḥasan bin Yūsuf bin ʿAli bin al-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillī ( ar, جمال الدين الحسن بن يوسف الحلي; December 1250 – December 1325 CE), commonly known as Allāma Ḥelli ( fa, علامه حلی), was a T ...

'') * Hashieh bar Mohakemat ('' fa, حاشیه بر محاکمات'', ''Comment on the book "Mohakemat"'') * Hashieh bar Elahiate Shafa ('' fa, حاشیه بر الهیات شفا'', ''Comment on the book "Elahiate Shafa"'') * Ensha dar Tarife Bahar ('' fa, انشاء در تعریف بهار'', ''Essay in the definition of spring'') * Hashieh bar Motavval ('' fa, حاشیه بر مطول'', ''Comment on the book "Motavval"'') * Hashieh bar Mokhtasar al-Osool ('' fa, حاشیه بر مختصر الاصول'', ''Comment on the book "Mokhtasar al-Osool"'') * Resaleh Ejmae ('' fa, رساله اجماع'', ''Thesis of Consensus'') * Tarife Sokhan ('' fa, تعریف سخن'', ''Definition of speech'') * Shobheye Tafreh ('' fa, شبهه طفره'', ''Suspicion of evasion'') * Fayedeh Darbareh Elme Bari Ta'ali ('' fa, فایده درباره علم باری تعالی'', ''Benefits of the science of transcendence'') * Resaleh dar Khoms ('' fa, رساله در خمس'', ''Treatise on

Khums In Islam, khums ( ar, خُمْس , literally 'one fifth') refers to the required religious obligation of any Muslims to pay 20% of their acquired wealth from certain sources toward specified causes. It is treated differently in Shia and Su ...

'') * Halle Shakk dar Taghseeme Jesm ta Binahaayat ('' fa, حل شک در تقسیم جسم تا بی‌نهایت'', ''Resolving doubt in the division of the body to infinity'')

Attributed works

* Al-Maedeh al-Soleimanieh ('' ar, المائدةالسلیمانیة'', ''Soleimanieh dining''): About foods and drinks for Shah Suleiman of the Safavid dynasty. * Tarjomeye Sahifeh Sajjadieh beh Farsi ('' fa, ترجمه صحیفه سجادیه به فارسی'', ''Translation of

Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya ''Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya'' ( ar, ٱلصَّحِيفَة ٱلسَّجَّادِيَّة, translit=Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya, lit=the scripture of al-Sajjad, ) is a book of supplications attributed to Ali ibn Husayn, the great-grandson of the Isl ...

into Persian'') * Resaleh dar Jabr va Ekhtiar ('' fa, رساله در جبر و اختیار'', ''Treatise on Force and Authority'') * Javaher va Aeraz ('' fa, جواهر و اعراض'', ''

Essence Essence ( la, essentia) is a polysemic term, used in philosophy and theology as a designation for the property or set of properties that make an entity or substance what it fundamentally is, and which it has by necessity, and without which it ...

s and

Accidents An accident is an unintended, normally unwanted event that was not directly caused by humans. The term ''accident'' implies that nobody should be blamed, but the event may have been caused by unrecognized or unaddressed risks. Most researche ...

'') * Sharhe Kafieh Ibne Hajeb ('' fa, شرح کافیه ابن‌حاجب'', ''Explanation on the book "Kafieh" of Ibne Hajeb'') * Sharhe Hey'at Farsi Qushchi ('' fa, شرح هیأت فارسی قوشجی'', ''Explanation on the book "Hey'at" of Qushchi'') * Resaleh dar Shobheh Iman va Kofr ('' fa, رساله در شبهه ایمان و کفر'', ''Treatise on Doubt of Faith and Unbelief'') * Resaleh dar Shobheh Estelzam ('' fa, رساله در شبهه استلزام'', ''Treatise on Suspicion of Implication'') * Resaleh dar Tashkik ('' fa, رساله در تشکیک'', ''Treatise on Doubt'') * Tarjomeye Ketabe Nahj ol-Haq Allame Helli beh Farsi Baraye Shah Soleiman Safavi ('' fa, ترجمه کتاب نهج‌الحق علّامه حلّی به فارسی برای شاه‌سلیمان صفوی'', ''Translation of Allamah Al-Hilli's book Nahj al-Haq into Persian for the Shah Suleiman of the Safavid dynasty'') * Tafsire Sooreh Fateheh ('' fa, تفسیر سوره فاتحه'', ''Interpretation of Surah Al-Fatiha'') * Hashieh bar Sharhe Hekmat al-Eyn ('' fa, حاشیه بر شرح حکمة‌العین'', ''Comment on the book "Sharhe Hekmat al-Eyn"'')

Demise

He died on 13 May 1687 at the age of eighty-two in Isfahan and was buried in the Takht-e Foulad cemetery, near the tomb of Baba Rokneddin Beyzayi. His sons ''Agha Jamaluddin'' and ''Agha Raziauddin'' are also buried there, in a tomb named ''Khansari Mausoleum''.

References

External links

Das Grabmal von Agha Hossein Khansari - IranKultur

Takht-e Foulad - Agha Hossein Khansari mausoleum
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khansari, Agha Hossein 1607 births 1687 deaths Iranian Shia clerics Iranian Shia scholars of Islam People from Khansar 17th-century Iranian writers Burials at Takht-e Foulad 17th-century writers of Safavid Iran