The Agency for Defense Policy and Technology Development (, BPKTP) is an agency subordinate to the Indonesian

Ministry of Defense {{unsourced, date=February 2021 A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is an often-used name for the part of a government responsible for matters of defence, found in states ...

. The agency tasked to perform research and development in defense and military affairs. The agency can be considered as military counterpart of the

National Research and Innovation Agency The National Research and Innovation Agency ( id, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, BRIN) is a cabinet-level government agency formed by the Indonesian government in 2019. Originally a new agency attached to the Ministry of Research and Technolo ...

(, BRIN).

History

1967-1983

On 24 August 1967,

Suharto Suharto (; ; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian army officer and politician, who served as the second and the longest serving president of Indonesia. Widely regarded as a military dictator by international observers, Suharto ...

signed Presidential Decision No. 132/1967 (On Changes in Organization Fundamentals and Procedures in Field of Defense and Security). The decision reorganized the Republic of Indonesia Armed Forces. It was decided to form a military research institute within the Armed Forces, Defense and Security Research and Development Institute (, Lalitbanghankam). Lalitbanghankam was placed under the Armed Forces HQ. However, due to communication and command issues at that time due to Armed Forces and Department of Defense and Security were not integrated, Suharto later signed Presidential Decision No. 79/1969 on 4 October 1969, which amend the previous decision. The new decision combined the Department of Defense and Security with Armed Forces by stating that Armed Forces is organic part of Department of Defense and Security and core of National Defense and Security System formulated by Suharto. As result, Lalitbanghankam effectively integrated to Department of Defense and Security and become Research and Development Center (, Puslitbang) under the Department of Defense and Security. On 18 February 1974, the Puslitbang become Research and Development Center for Defense and Security (, Puslitbang Hankam). By passage of the Law No. 20/1982 (On State Defense and Security Fundamentals), the law reformed Department of Defense and Security/Republic of Indonesia Armed Forces by liquidating and reorganizing organization of the institution. Puslitbang Hankam was reorganized by the law. On 5 October 1983, Puslitbang Hankam fused with elements from Bureau of Data Collection and Processing (, Biro Pullahta) of Department of Defense and Security General Secretariat into a new agency, Agency for Industrial and Technology Research and Development of Department of Defense and Security (, BPPIT Dephankam). BPPIT Dephankam was placed under Department of Defense and Security.

1983-2009

BPPIT Dephankam was operated for next 16 years. On 26 October 1999, Abdurrachman Wahid, issued Presidential Decision No. 355/M/1999 on inauguration of his

cabinet Cabinet or The Cabinet may refer to: Furniture * Cabinetry, a box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and/or drawers * Display cabinet, a piece of furniture with one or more transparent glass sheets or transparent polycarbonate sheets * Filing ...

. His cabinet separated Armed Forces and Department of Defense. The "Security" part was separated from the then Department of Defense name, likely to erase the uneasiness from memory of Suharto's New Order regime. Thus, BPPIT Dephankam become Agency for Industrial and Technology Research and Development of Department of Defense (, BPPIT Dephan). BPPIT Dephan later renamed to Agency Research and Development of Department of Defense (, Balitbang Dephan). With issuance of Presidential Decree No. 47/2009 by

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 9 September 1949), commonly referred to by his initials SBY, is an Indonesian politician and retired army general who served as the sixth president of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014. A member of the Democratic Party ...

on standardization of ministry names, "Department" word ditched and replaced with "Ministry". While the ministry now named Ministry of Defense, the agency now named Defense Research and Development Agency (, Balitbang Kemhan or Balitbanghan).

2009-2022

Balitbanghan was operated until 2022, until finally the agency was also targeted to be liquidated by Indonesian government in favor of

(, BRIN). In January 2022, BRIN decided only focused in research on civilian affairs for flexibility and easiness to get partner in research collaborations. Research in military affairs and defense and security affairs decided to be left out due to critical position and national security interests and reasons. As the result, only Balitbanghan that left out from the integration of ministerial research and development agencies into BRIN, although part of the researchers transferred into BRIN. The decision also left research and development agencies under

Indonesian National Armed Forces , founded = as the ('People's Security Forces') , current_form = , disbanded = , branches = , headquarters = Cilangkap, Jakarta , website = , commander-in-chief = Joko Widodo , ...

to not to be integrated. The decision also led into various units and researches formerly owned by LAPAN and BPPT which focused in military research and defense and security affairs being left out and relinquished to Ministry of Defense. There was a proposed plan to form Defense Acquisition Institute (), a military counterpart of BRIN, which intended to integrate all military research and development agencies in response of the decision. On 2 March 2022, Ministry of Defense and BRIN signed the MoU for research collaboration to bridge and closing the gap between military and civilian researchers. While the MoU was signed, on 17 June 2022, the formation of such agency came into fruition with formation of BPKTP thru Presidential Decree No. 94/2022.

Lineage

Research Activities

As military research agency, much extent of BPKTP research activity is unknown. However, excerpt of its research products are available. The excerpt covered 2011-2018 research of BPKTP during Balitbanghan period. BPKTP research activities divided into 4 clusters: Strategic Defense Research, Defense Resource, Defense Science and Technology, and Equipment Development. Some of publicly known BPKTP research activities are: * Strategic Defense Research ** Social studies in defense and military. ** National security and defense threats analysis. ** Studies in politics, social, economy, and cultures, and their relation to national defense and security. ** Area studies related to national defense and security. ** Studies in border politics, trans-national crimes, and border crimes. ** Strategic studies in border affairs and outer islands. ** Strategic studies in air defense. ** Studies in conflict resolutions and peace. ** Studies in strategic military maritime affairs. ** Studies in

civil defense Civil defense ( en, region=gb, civil defence) or civil protection is an effort to protect the citizens of a state (generally non-combatants) from man-made and natural disasters. It uses the principles of emergency operations: prevention, miti ...

. ** Studies in climate change and its effects in warfare and national defense. ** Studies in

data security Data security means protecting digital data, such as those in a database, from destructive forces and from the unwanted actions of unauthorized users, such as a cyberattack or a data breach. Technologies Disk encryption Disk encryption refe ...

cyber security Computer security, cybersecurity (cyber security), or information technology security (IT security) is the protection of computer systems and networks from attack by malicious actors that may result in unauthorized information disclosure, the ...

, and

cyber defense Proactive cyber defence means acting in anticipation to oppose an attack through cyber and cognitive domains. Proactive cyber defence can be understood as options between offensive and defensive measures. It includes interdicting, disrupting or d ...

. ** Studies in IED and delayed detonator for military purposes. ** Strategic

remote sensing Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, in contrast to in situ or on-site observation. The term is applied especially to acquiring information about Earth ...

and

unmanned aerial vehicle An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without any human pilot, crew, or passengers on board. UAVs are a component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), which includes adding a ground-based controller ...

s application for military purposes. * Defense Resource ** National Defense Awareness Fostering Program. ** Human resources studies to support national defense. ** Strategic valuable mineral exploration and mining technology to support defense industries. ** Thorium-based nuclear reactor for future nuclear-fueled

naval ship A naval ship is a military ship (or sometimes boat, depending on classification) used by a navy A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval warfare, naval and amph ...

s. ** Survey for strategic installations and rocket launching system. **

Propellant A propellant (or propellent) is a mass that is expelled or expanded in such a way as to create a thrust or other motive force in accordance with Newton's third law of motion, and "propel" a vehicle, projectile, or fluid payload. In vehicles, the e ...

research and development. ** Energy studies for military purposes. ** Food studies for military purposes. ** Studies in military bureaucracy reform. ** Disease surveillance for military purposes. **

Bioterrorism Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents. These agents are bacteria, viruses, insects, fungi, and/or toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form, in much the same ...

research and natural biological resources exploration for national defense purposes. ** Simulated warfare application development. ** Military

women's studies Women's studies is an academic field that draws on feminist and interdisciplinary methods to place women's lives and experiences at the center of study, while examining social and cultural constructs of gender; systems of privilege and oppress ...

. * Defense Science and Technology ** Development of mission control system for

unmanned surface vehicle Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), also known as unmanned surface vessels, autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) in some cases, uncrewed surface vessels (USVs), or colloquially drone ships, or robot boats, are boats or ships that operate on the ...

s. ** Automation of heavy artilleries. ** Rocket development. ** Thorium-based nuclear reactor for defense purposes. **

Sentry gun A sentry gun is a weapon that is automatically aimed and fired at targets that are detected by sensors. The earliest functioning military sentry guns were the close-in weapon systems point-defense weapons, such as the Phalanx CIWS, used for det ...

development. **

Military satellite A military satellite is an artificial satellite used for a military purpose. The most common missions are intelligence gathering, navigation and military communications. The first military satellites were photographic reconnaissance missions. So ...

development. ** Military communication system development. ** Military software development. ** Small jet engine development. **

Smart bomb Smart or SMART may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Smart'' (Hey! Say! JUMP album), 2014 * Smart (Hotels.com), former mascot of Hotels.com * ''Smart'' (Sleeper album), 1995 debut album by Sleeper * ''SMart'', a children's television ser ...

, and its guidance control system and seeker development. ** IF-X development. **

Warhead A warhead is the forward section of a device that contains the explosive agent or toxic (biological, chemical, or nuclear) material that is delivered by a missile, rocket, torpedo, or bomb. Classification Types of warheads include: * Explosiv ...

technology development. ** Impact fuze rocket technology development. ** Anti-radar ship coating technology development. **

Night-vision device A night-vision device (NVD), also known as a night optical/observation device (NOD), night-vision goggle (NVG), is an optoelectronic device that allows visualization of images in low levels of light, improving the user's night vision. The devi ...

technology development. **

Body armor Body armor, also known as body armour, personal armor or armour, or a suit or coat of armor, is protective clothing designed to absorb or deflect physical attacks. Historically used to protect military personnel, today it is also used by variou ...

technology development. ** UAV technology development. ** Military

dynamic programming Dynamic programming is both a mathematical optimization method and a computer programming method. The method was developed by Richard Bellman in the 1950s and has found applications in numerous fields, from aerospace engineering to economics. I ...

development. ** Gauss cannon technology development. ** Military

ergonomics Human factors and ergonomics (commonly referred to as human factors) is the application of psychological and physiological principles to the engineering and design of products, processes, and systems. Four primary goals of human factors learnin ...

studies. **

GPS The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a Radionavigation-satellite service, satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force. It is one of t ...

research. **

Tank A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engin ...

technology development. ** Unmanned submarine technology development. * Equipment Development ** Development of

missile vehicle In the military, vehicles such as trucks or tractor units can be used to transport or launch missiles (rockets with warheads), essentially a form of rocket artillery. History The missile vehicle may be a self-propelled unit or the missile hold ...

s and

launch vehicle A launch vehicle or carrier rocket is a rocket designed to carry a payload (spacecraft or satellites) from the Earth's surface to outer space. Most launch vehicles operate from a launch pad, launch pads, supported by a missile launch contro ...

s. ** Ground-to-ground 100 km-range rocket launcher. **

Cruise missile A cruise missile is a guided missile used against terrestrial or naval targets that remains in the atmosphere and flies the major portion of its flight path at approximately constant speed. Cruise missiles are designed to deliver a large warhe ...

development. **

Man-portable air-defense system Man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS or MPADS) are portable surface-to-air missiles. They are guided weapons and are a threat to low-flying aircraft, especially helicopters. Overview MANPADS were developed in the 1950s to provide military ...

development. **

Radar Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (''ranging''), angle, and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, w ...

development. ** Anti-tank weaponry development. ** Mobile command control vehicle development. **

Hyperbaric chamber A diving chamber is a vessel for human occupation, which may have an entrance that can be sealed to hold an internal pressure significantly higher than ambient pressure, a pressurised gas system to control the internal pressure, and a supply of ...

development. ** Mini-submarine development. ** Combat boat development for interception. **

Amphibious vehicle An amphibious vehicle (or simply amphibian), is a vehicle that is a means of transport viable on land as well as on or under water. Amphibious vehicles include amphibious bicycles, ATVs, cars, buses, trucks, railway vehicles, combat vehicles an ...

development. ** Armed

patrol boat A patrol boat (also referred to as a patrol craft, patrol ship, or patrol vessel) is a relatively small naval vessel generally designed for coastal defence, border security, or law enforcement. There are many designs for patrol boats, and the ...

development. **

Missiles In military terminology, a missile is a guided airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight usually by a jet engine or rocket motor. Missiles are thus also called guided missiles or guided rockets (when a previously unguided rocket i ...

development.

References

{{Reflist Science and technology in Indonesia Defense companies of Indonesia 2022 establishments in Indonesia