''Africonus'' is a

taxon In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Conidae Conidae, with the current common name of "cone snails", is a taxonomic family (previously subfamily) of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Conoidea. The 2014 classification of the superfamily Conoidea, groups onl ...

. Although originally described as a distinct

subgenus In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...

, it is currently considered as an alternative representation of the cone snail genus, ''

Conus ''Conus'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, or cone snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Conus Linnaeus, 1758. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...

''.

Distinguishing characteristics

The Tucker & Tenorio 2009 taxonomy distinguishes ''Africonus'' from ''Conus'' in the following ways:Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009), Systematic Classification of Recent and Fossil Conoidean Gastropods, ConchBooks, Hankenheim, Germany, 295 pp. * Genus ''Conus'' ''

sensu stricto ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...

'' Linnaeus, 1758 :: Shell characters (living and fossil species) :::The basic shell shape is conical to elongated conical, has a deep anal notch on the shoulder, a smooth

periostracum The periostracum ( ) is a thin, organic coating (or "skin") that is the outermost layer of the shell of many shelled animals, including molluscs and brachiopods. Among molluscs, it is primarily seen in snails and clams, i.e. in gastropods and ...

and a small operculum. The shoulder of the shell is usually nodulose and the

protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called ...

is usually multispiral. Markings often include the presence of tents except for black or white color variants, with the absence of spiral lines of minute tents and textile bars. ::Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) :::The

radula The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...

has an elongated anterior section with serrations and a large exposed terminating cusp, a non-obvious waist, blade is either small or absent and has a short barb, and lacks a basal spur. ::Geographical distribution :::These species are found in the

Indo-Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...

region. ::Feeding habits :::These species eat other

s including cones. * Subgenus ''Africonus'' Petuch, 1975 ::Shell characters (living and fossil species) :::The

is paucispiral, the whorl tops may be concave when viewed in cross section, with cords on the whorl tops that may be lost in middle spire whorls or persist thereafter. The shell has a shallow to moderately deep anal notch. The

is smooth and thin, and the operculum is small. ::Radular tooth (not known for fossil species) :::The anterior section of the

is usually shorter than the posterior section but in some species they are subequal in length, the lumen of the radular tooth is wide, a basal spur is present, the barb is short, and the blade is long and extends along most of the anterior section of the radular tooth. Serrations are usually in multiple rows with one or two rows of large serrations and rows of smaller serrations on either side, although serrations can be in a single row in juveniles or small specimens. ::Geographical distribution :::These species are endemic to the Cape Verde Islands in the West African Region. ::Feeding habits :::These species are vermivorous (meaning that they prey on marine worms).

Species

Prior to 2009, all species within the family

were placed in one genus, ''

''. In 2009 however, J.K. Tucker and M.J. Tenorio proposed a classification system for the over 600 recognized

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

that were in the family. Their classification proposed 3 distinct families and 82 genera for the living species of

cone snails A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base (frequently, though not necessarily, circular) to a point called the apex or vertex. A cone is formed by a set of line segments, half-lines, or lines co ...

. This classification was based upon

shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (structure), a thin structure ** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses ** Thin-shell structure Science Biology * Seashell, a hard ou ...

morphology Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to: Disciplines *Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts *Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies, ...

r differences,

anatomy Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its ...

physiology Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical ...

cladistics Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived char ...

, with comparisons to molecular (DNA) studies. Published accounts of genera within the

that include the genus ''Africonus'' include J.K. Tucker & M.J. Tenorio (2009), and Bouchet et al. (2011). Testing in order to try to understand the molecular phylogeny of the

was initially begun by Christopher Meyer and Alan Kohn, and is continuing, particularly with the advent of nuclear DNA testing in addition to mDNA testing. Many authorities continue to use the traditional classification, where all species are placed in ''

'' within the single family

including the current (October 2022) version of the

World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialist ...

. The binomial names of species in the 82 cone snail genera listed in Tucker & Tenorio 2009 are currently recognized by the

as "alternative representations". Debate within the scientific community regarding this issue continues, and additional molecular phylogeny studies are being carried out in an attempt to clarify the issue.Monteiro A., Tenorio M. J. & Poppe G. T., 2004. The Family Conidae: The West African and Mediterranean species of Conus In 2015, in the ''Journal of Molluscan Studies'', Puillandre, Duda, Meyer, Olivera & Bouchet presented a new classification for the old genus ''Conus''. Using 329 species, the authors carried out molecular phylogenetic analyses. The results suggested that the authors should place all cone snails in a single family, Conidae, containing four genera: ''Conus'', ''

Conasprella ''Conasprella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conasprella. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia ...

'', ''

Profundiconus ''Profundiconus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2011). ''Profundiconus'' Kuroda, 1956. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.ma ...

'' and ''

Californiconus ''Californiconus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. The experts at WoRMS place this group of species in the family Conidae, the cone snails, but some other experts placed previously the genus in a proposed family, the Conili ...

''. The authors group 85% of all known cone snail species under ''Conus'', They recognize 57 subgenera within ''Conus'', and 11 subgenera within the genus ''Conasprella''. In this description of the family Conidae, ''Africonus'' is classified as a subgenus of ''Conus'': ''Conus (Lautoconus)'' Monterosato, 1923 (type species: ''Conus mediterraneus'' Hwass in Bruguière, 1792) represented as ''

'' Thiele, 1929 Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). ''One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails''. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23
/ref> All the species formerly classified in the genus ''Africonus'' are now considered as "alternate representations" of species in the genus ''

'': * ''Africonus antoniaensis'' Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014: synonym of '' Conus antoniaensis'' (Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014) * ''Africonus antoniomonteiroi'' (Rolán, 1990): synonym of '' Conus antoniomonteiroi'' Rolán, 1990 * ''Africonus bellulus'' (Rolán, 1990): synonym of '' Conus bellulus'' Rolán, 1990 * ''Africonus boavistensis'' (Rolán & F. Fernandes, 1990): synonym of ''

'' Rolán & F. Fernandes, 1990 * ''Africonus borgesi'' (Trovão, 1979): synonym of '' Conus borgesi'' Trovão, 1979 * ''Africonus calhetae'' (Rolán, 1990): synonym of '' Conus calhetae'' Rolán, 1990 * ''Africonus crotchii'' (Reeve, 1849): synonym of '' Conus crotchii'' Reeve, 1849 * ''Africonus cuneolus'' (Reeve, 1843): synonym of '' Conus cuneolus'' Reeve, 1843 * ''Africonus curralensis'' (Rolán, 1986): synonym of '' Conus curralensis'' Rolán, 1986 * ''Africonus damottai'' (Trovão, 1979): synonym of '' Conus damottai'' Trovão, 1979 * ''Africonus decoratus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980): synonym of '' Conus decoratus'' Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980 * ''Africonus delanoyae'' (Trovão, 1979): synonym of '' Conus delanoyae'' Trovão, 1979 * ''Africonus denizi'' Afonso & Tenorio, 2011: synonym of '' Conus denizi'' (Afonso & Tenorio, 2011) * ''Africonus espingueirensis'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017: synonym of '' Conus docensis'' (Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017) * ''Africonus felitae'' (Rolán, 1990): synonym of '' Conus felitae'' Rolán, 1990 * ''Africonus fernandesi'' (Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008): synonym of '' Conus fernandesi'' Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008 * ''Africonus freitasi'' Tenorio, ''et al.'', 2018: synonym of '' Conus freitasi '' (Tenorio, ''et al.'', 2018) * ''Africonus furnae'' (Rolán, 1990): synonym of '' Conus furnae'' Rolán, 1990 * ''Africonus fuscoflavus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980): synonym of '' Conus fuscoflavus'' Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980 * ''Africonus galeao'' (Rolán, 1990): synonym of '' Conus galeao'' Rolán, 1990 * ''Africonus gonsaloi'' Afonso & Tenorio, 2014: synonym of '' Conus gonsaloi'' (Afonso & Tenorio, 2014) * ''Africonus grahami'' (Röckel, Cosel & Burnay, 1980): synonym of '' Conus grahami'' Röckel, Cosel & Burnay, 1980 * ''Africonus infinitus'' (Rolán, 1990): synonym of '' Conus infinitus'' Rolán, 1990 * ''Africonus insulae'' Tenorio, ''et al.'', 2018: synonym of '' Conus insulae'' (Tenorio, ''et al.'', 2018) * ''Africonus isabelarum'' (Tenorio & Afonso, 2004): synonym of '' Conus isabelarum'' Tenorio & Afonso, 2004 * ''Africonus josephinae'' (Rolán, 1980): synonym of '' Conus josephinae'' Rolán, 1980 * ''Africonus kersteni'' (Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008): synonym of '' Conus kersteni'' Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008 * ''Africonus longilineus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980): synonym of '' Conus longilineus'' Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980 * ''Africonus lugubris'' (Reeve, 1849): synonym of '' Conus lugubris'' Reeve, 1849 * ''Africonus maioensis'' (Trovão, Rolán & Félix-Alves, 1990): synonym of '' Conus maioensis'' Trovão, Rolán & Félix-Alves, 1990 * ''Africonus miruchae'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980): synonym of '' Conus miruchae'' Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980 * ''Africonus navarroi'' (Rolán, 1986): synonym of '' Conus navarroi'' Rolán, 1986 * ''Africonus perrineae'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2018: synonym of '' Conus perrineae'' (T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2018) * ''Africonus raulsilvai'' (Rolán, Monteiro & Fernandes, 1998): synonym of '' Conus raulsilvai'' Rolán, Monteiro & Fernandes, 1998 * ''Africonus regonae'' (Rolán & Trovão, 1990): synonym of '' Conus regonae'' Rolán & Trovão, 1990 * ''Africonus roeckeli'' (Rolán, 1980): synonym of '' Conus roeckeli'' Rolán, 1980 * ''Africonus salletae'' Cossignani, 2014: synonym of '' Conus salletae'' (Cossignani, 2014) * ''Africonus santaluziensis'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2015: synonym of '' Conus santaluziensis'' (T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2015) * ''Africonus santanaensis'' Afonso & Tenorio, 2014: synonym of '' Conus santanaensis'' (Afonso & Tenorio, 2014) * ''Africonus saragasae'' (Rolán, 1986): synonym of '' Conus saragasae'' Rolán, 1986 * ''Africonus verdensis'' (Trovão, 1979): synonym of '' Conus verdensis'' Trovão, 1979 * ''Africonus vulcanus'' (Tenorio & Afonso, 2004): synonym of '' Conus vulcanus'' Tenorio & Afonso, 2004 ;Species brought into synonymy The following species were

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...

ized: * ''Africonus angeluquei'' Tenorio, Abalde & Zardoya, 2018 accepted as ''Africonus perrineae'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2018 * ''Africonus anthonyi'' Petuch, 1975 accepted as ''Africonus cuneolus'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Africonus antonioi'' T. Cossignani, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus crotchii'' (Reeve, 1849) * ''Africonus barrosensis'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017 accepted as ''Africonus boavistensis'' (Rolán & F. Fernandes, 1990) * ''Africonus bernardinoi'' T. Cossignani, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus cuneolus'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Africonus cabraloi'' T. Cossignani, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus crotchii'' (Reeve, 1849) * ''Africonus cagarralensis'' T. Cossignani, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus longilineus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980) * ''Africonus calhetinensis'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus crotchii'' (Reeve, 1849) * ''Africonus cazalisoi'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2018 accepted as ''Kalloconus trochulus'' (Reeve, 1844) * ''Africonus claudiae'' (Tenorio & Afonso, 2004) accepted as ''Africonus galeao'' (Rolán, 1990) * ''Africonus condei'' Afonso & Tenorio, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus crotchii'' (Reeve, 1849) * ''Africonus cossignanii'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus maioensis'' (Trovão, Rolán & Félix-Alves, 1990) * ''Africonus crioulus'' (Tenorio & Afonso, 2004) accepted as ''Africonus maioensis'' (Trovão, Rolán & Félix-Alves, 1990) * ''Africonus cristinapessoae'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017 accepted as ''Africonus fuscoflavus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980) * ''Africonus damioi'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2015 accepted as ''Africonus roeckeli'' (Rolán, 1980) * ''Africonus decolrobertoi'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017 accepted as ''Africonus maioensis'' (Trovão, Rolán & Félix-Alves, 1990) * ''Africonus demisgeraldoi'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2018 accepted as ''Africonus josephinae'' (Rolán, 1980) * ''Africonus derrubado'' (Rolán & F. Fernandes, 1990) accepted as ''Africonus damottai'' (Trovão, 1979) * ''Africonus diegoi'' T. Cossignani, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus damottai'' (Trovão, 1979) * ''Africonus diminutus'' (Trovão & Rolán, 1986) accepted as ''Conus diminutus'' Trovão & Rolán, 1986 * ''Africonus docensis'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus crotchii'' (Reeve, 1849) * ''Africonus echinophilus'' Petuch, 1975 accepted as ''Conus echinophilus'' (Petuch, 1975) * ''Africonus evorai'' (Monteiro, C. Fernandes & Rolán, 1995) accepted as ''Africonus crotchii'' (Reeve, 1849) * ''Africonus fantasmalis'' (Rolán, 1990) accepted as ''Africonus fuscoflavus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980) * ''Africonus fiadeiroi'' Tenorio, Afonso, R. Cunha & Rolán, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus crotchii'' (Reeve, 1849) * ''Africonus fontonae'' (Rolán & Trovão, 1990) accepted as ''Africonus cuneolus'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Africonus gallopalvoi'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017 accepted as ''Africonus fuscoflavus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980) * ''Africonus gonsalensis'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus santanaensis'' Afonso & Tenorio, 2014 * ''Africonus guiandradoi'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017 accepted as ''Africonus josephinae'' (Rolán, 1980) * ''Africonus irregularis'' (G. B. Sowerby II, 1858) accepted as ''Africonus crotchii'' (Reeve, 1849) * ''Africonus josegeraldoi'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2018 accepted as ''Africonus crotchii'' (Reeve, 1849) * ''Africonus joserochoi'' T. Cossignani, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus delanoyae'' (Trovão, 1979) * ''Africonus luquei'' (Rolán & Trovão, 1990) accepted as ''Africonus delanoyae'' (Trovão, 1979) * ''Africonus marckeppensi'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017 accepted as ''Africonus josephinae'' (Rolán, 1980) * ''Africonus marcocastellazzii'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus maioensis'' (Trovão, Rolán & Félix-Alves, 1990) * ''Africonus melissae'' (Tenorio, Afonso & Rolán, 2008) accepted as ''Africonus longilineus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980) * ''Africonus messiasi'' (Rolán & F. Fernandes, 1990) accepted as ''Africonus fuscoflavus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980) * ''Africonus miguelfiaderoi'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2015 accepted as ''Africonus vulcanus'' (Tenorio & Afonso, 2004) * ''Africonus minimus'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2015 accepted as ''Africonus longilineus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980) * ''Africonus mordeirae'' (Rolán & Trovão, 1990) accepted as ''Africonus cuneolus'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Africonus morroensis'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus diminutus'' (Trovão & Rolán, 1986) * ''Africonus nelsonandradoi'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2015 accepted as ''Africonus longilineus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980) * ''Africonus nelsontiagoi'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus verdensis'' (Trovão, 1979) * ''Africonus padarosae'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2018 accepted as ''Africonus antoniaensis'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014 * ''Africonus pedrofiadeiroi'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2015 accepted as ''Africonus borgesi'' (Trovão, 1979) * ''Africonus pinedensis'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017 accepted as ''Africonus damottai'' (Trovão, 1979) * ''Africonus pseudocuneolus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980) accepted as ''Africonus cuneolus'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Africonus purvisi'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017 accepted as ''Africonus damottai'' (Trovão, 1979) * ''Africonus roquensis'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2015 accepted as ''Africonus damottai'' (Trovão, 1979) * ''Africonus salreiensis'' (Rolán, 1980) accepted as ''Africonus crotchii'' (Reeve, 1849) * ''Africonus serranegrae'' (Rolán, 1990) accepted as ''Africonus cuneolus'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Africonus silviae'' T. Cossignani, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus fuscoflavus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980) * ''Africonus swinneni'' Tenorio, Afonso, R. Cunha & Rolán, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus delanoyae'' (Trovão, 1979) * ''Africonus tarafensis'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2018 accepted as ''Africonus fuscoflavus'' (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980) * ''Africonus teodorae'' (Rolán & F. Fernandes, 1990) accepted as ''Africonus crotchii'' (Reeve, 1849) * ''Africonus umbelinae'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus damottai'' (Trovão, 1979) * ''Africonus varandinhensis'' T. Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017 accepted as ''Africonus boavistensis'' (Rolán & F. Fernandes, 1990) * ''Africonus wandae'' T. Cossignani, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus borgesi'' (Trovão, 1979) * ''Africonus zinhoi'' T. Cossignani, 2014 accepted as ''Africonus maioensis'' (Trovão, Rolán & Félix-Alves, 1990)

References

External links

*
To World Register of Marine Species

Gastropods.com: ''Conidae'' setting forth the genera recognized therein.

Cone Shells - Knights of the Sea
{{Taxonbar, from=Q4690089 Conidae Gastropod subgenera

Distinguishing characteristics

Species

References

Further reading

External links