In the botanical classification of plants, Aeridinae Pfitzer (formerly Sarcanthinae) is a subtribe of the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

Vandeae The Vandeae is a large monophyletic tribe within the family of orchids. Scope This tribe contains 1,700 - 2,000 species in more than 150 genera. Epiphytic These orchids are pantropical epiphytes and occur in tropical Asia, the Pacific Island ...

(

Family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

) whose representatives all have a

monopodial Vascular plants with monopodial growth habits grow upward from a single point. They add leaves to the apex each year and the stem grows longer accordingly. The word ''Monopodial'' is derived from Greek "mono-", ''one'' and "podial", "foot", in refe ...

growth habit and do not possess

pseudobulb The pseudobulb is a storage organ found in many epiphytic and terrestrial sympodial orchids. It is derived from a thickening of the part of a stem between leaf nodes and may be composed of just one internode or several, termed heteroblastic and ...

s. This subtribe is a monophyletic group within Vandeae, and it contains more than 1,300 species in 103 genera, including about 208 (38%) hybrid genera. They occur mostly in Asia with a few in Africa. They are distinguished from the other subtribes of Vandeae by having an entire

rostellum The rostellum is a projecting part of the column in Orchidaceae flowers, and separates the male androecium from the female gynoecium, commonly preventing self-fertilisation. In many orchids, such as '' Orchis mascula'', the pollinia or pollen ma ...

, a relatively small

spur A spur is a metal tool designed to be worn in pairs on the heels of riding boots for the purpose of directing a horse or other animal to move forward or laterally while riding. It is usually used to refine the riding aids (commands) and to back ...

formed by the lip, and four (or two)

pollinia A pollinium (plural pollinia) is a coherent mass of pollen grains in a plant that are the product of only one anther, but are transferred, during pollination, as a single unit. This is regularly seen in plants such as orchids and many species of mil ...

. Some of the genera it contains have some of the largest and most spectacular flowers in the whole of the orchid family. Also included in this subtribe are some of the most economically important genera in the horticultural trade, such as ''

Phalaenopsis ''Phalaenopsis'' (), also known as moth orchids, is a genus of about seventy species of plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are monopodial epiphytes or lithophytes with long, coarse roots, short, leafy stems and long-lasting ...

'' and ''

Vanda ''Vanda'', abbreviated in the horticultural trade as ''V.,'' is a genus in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. There are about 87 species, and the genus is commonly cultivated for the marketplace. This genus and its allies are considered to be among ...

''.

Leaflessness

Aeridinae contains the largest diversity of leafless taxa within the tribe Vandeae. These leafless species of the genera ''

Chiloschista ''Chiloschista'', commonly known as starfish orchids and abbreviated ''Chsch.'', is a genus of usually leafless, epiphytic or lithophytic orchids found in India, Southeast Asia and Australia. Description Orchids in the genus ''Chiloschista'' ar ...

'', ''

'', and ''

Taeniophyllum ''Taeniophyllum'', commonly known as ribbon roots or 带叶兰属 (dai ye lan shu) is a genus of about 240 species of epiphytic or lithophytic plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are more or less leafless with a ver ...

'' (syn. ''Microtatorchis''), which is the most species rich genus of Aeridinae with 245 accepted species, exhibit reduced stems and enhanced importance and photosynthetic function of the root system. This extreme reduction of leaves has likely evolved in three to four separate instances within Aeridinae. These leafless genera have a tight relationship with fungi of the '' Ceratobasidiaceae '' family. The roots of leafless epiphytic orchids are also heavily colonized by nitrogen-fixating

cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria (), also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy via photosynthesis. The name ''cyanobacteria'' refers to their color (), which similarly forms the basis of cyanobacteria's common name, blu ...

, which are thought to supply the plants with

nitrogen Nitrogen is the chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at se ...

Phylogeny

The subtribe Aeridinae is the sister group to the subtribe Angraecinae (incl. Aerangidinae):Freudenstein, J. V., & Chase, M. W. (2015)
"Phylogenetic relationships in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae), one of the great flowering plant radiations: progressive specialization and diversification."
Annals of botany, 115(4), 665-681.

Genera

*''

Acampe ''Acampe'', abbreviated as Acp in horticultural trade, is a genus of monopodial, epiphytic vandaceous species of orchids, distributed from tropical Asia from India, eastwards to China and southwards to Malaysia, and the Philippines as well as f ...

'' *''

Adenoncos ''Adenoncos'' is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), consisting of 20 species native to Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia and New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's s ...

'' *''

Aerides ''Aerides'', known commonly as cat's-tail orchids and fox brush orchids, is a genus belonging to the orchid family (Orchidaceae, subfamily Epidendroideae, tribe Vandeae, subtribe Aeridinae). It is a group of tropical epiphyte orchids that gr ...

'' *'' Amesiella'' *'' Arachnis'' **''

Armodorum The genus ''Arachnis'', abbreviated as Arach in horticultural trade, (scorpion orchid,) is a member of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae), consisting of more than 20 species native to China, India, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Gu ...

'' **''

Ascochilopsis ''Grosourdya'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. As of May 2022, it contains 26 known species, native to Southeast Asia. #'' Grosourdya appendiculata'' (Blume) Rchb.f. - widespread from Hainan to the Andaman Isl ...

'' **''

Ascochilus ''Grosourdya'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. As of May 2022, it contains 26 known species, native to Southeast Asia. #'' Grosourdya appendiculata'' (Blume) Rchb.f. - widespread from Hainan to the Andaman Isl ...

'' **''

Ascoglossum ''Renanthera caloptera'' is a species in the family Orchidaceae. It was formerly the only species in the monotypic genus ''Ascoglossum'', abbreviated Ascgm in the horticultural trade. It is endemic to Dinagat Island in the southern Philippines an ...

'' *''

Biermannia ''Biermannia'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to eastern India, China and Southeast Asia. Species The following species are accepted as of May 2014: #''Biermannia arunachalensis'' A.N.Rao - Ar ...

'' *'' Bogoria'' *'' Brachypeza'' *'' Calymmanthera'' *'' Ceratocentron'' *'' Chamaeanthus'' *''

'' *'' Chroniochilus'' *'' Cleisocentron'' *'' Cleisomeria'' *'' Cleisostoma'' *'' Cleisostomopsis'' *'' Cottonia'' *'' Cryptopylos'' *''

Cymbilabia ''Cymbilabia undulata'' is a vandaceous species of epiphytic orchid native to the Bhutan, Myanmar, China, India and Nepal. Description The petals and sepals of the fragrant, white flowers, have an undulate margin. The flowers are formed on pa ...

'' *'' Deceptor'' *'' Dimorphorchis'' *'' Diplocentrum'' *'' Diploprora'' *'' Dryadorchis'' *'' Drymoanthus'' *'' Dyakia'' *'' Eclecticus'' **'' Esmeralda'' *''

Gastrochilus ''Gastrochilus'', abbreviated Gchls in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It is native to eastern and southeastern Asia, including China, Japan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, etc. Speci ...

'' *'' Grosourdya'' *'' Gunnarella'' *''

Holcoglossum ''Holcoglossum'' (''Holc.'') is a genus of orchids, in the family Orchidaceae. It is native to China and Southeast Asia. Description All species of this genus are perennial epi- or lithophytes and are characterized by a short monopodial shoot ax ...

'' **'' Hygrochilus'' *'' Hymenorchis'' *'' Jejewoodia'' *'' Luisia'' *'' Macropodanthus'' **'' Malleola'' *'' Micropera'' *'' Microsaccus'' *'' Mobilabium'' **'' Neofinetia'' *'' Omoea'' *'' Ophioglossella'' Schuit. & Ormerod *''

Papilionanthe ''Papilionanthe'' (abbreviated ''Ple.'') is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia, southern China, and the Indian Subcontinent. Species *''Papilionanthe biswasiana'' (Ghose & Mukerjee) Ga ...

'' *'' Papillilabium'' *''

Paraphalaenopsis The genus ''Paraphalaenopsis'', abbreviated as Prphln in horticultural trade, is a member of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), consisting of 4 species Endemism, endemic to Borneo and one natural (unconfirmed) hybrid, ''Paraphalaenopsis × thornton ...

'' *'' Pelatantheria'' *'' Pennilabium'' *'' Peristeranthus'' *''

'' *'' Phragmorchis'' *'' Plectorrhiza'' *''

Pomatocalpa ''Pomatocalpa'', commonly known as bladder orchids, or 鹿角兰属 (lu jiao lan shu), is a genus of about twenty five species from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are epiphytes or lithophytes with thick, leathery leaves and ...

'' *'' Porrorhachis'' GarayChase, M. W., Cameron, K. M., Freudenstein, J. V., Pridgeon, A. M., Salazar, G., Van den Berg, C., & Schuiteman, A. (2015)
"An updated classification of Orchidaceae."
Botanical journal of the Linnean Society, 177(2), 151-174. *'' Pteroceras'' *''

Renanthera ''Renanthera'', abbreviated as Ren in horticultural trade, is a genus of large scrambling monopodial epiphytic and terrestrial species of orchid found in China, the Himalayas, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Melanesia.Rice, R. (2008). Renanthera ...

'' *'' Rhinerrhiza'' *'' Rhinerrhizopsis'' *'' Rhynchogyna'' *''

Rhynchostylis ''Rhynchostylis'' (abbreviated Rhy in the horticultural trade) is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), closely allied to the genus ''Vanda'' (from which it differs in the one-lobed lip of the flower) and comprising four currently accepted ...

'' *''

Robiquetia ''Robiquetia'', commonly known as pouched orchids, or 寄树兰属 (ji shu lan shu), is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are epiphytes with long, sometimes branched, fibrous stems, leathery l ...

'' *'' Saccolabiopsis'' *''

Saccolabium ''Saccolabium'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to India and Indonesia. In the past, over 350 names have been published for species, subspecies and varieties within the genus, but the vast majority ...

'' *'' Santotomasia'' *'' Sarcanthopsis'' *''

Sarcochilus ''Sarcochilus'', commonly known as butterfly orchids or fairy bells is a genus of about twenty species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Most species are epiphytes but a few species only grow on rocks or in leaf litter. Or ...

'' *'' Sarcoglyphis'' *'' Sarcophyton'' *'' Schistotylus'' *'' Schoenorchis'' *'' Seidenfadenia'' *'' Seidenfadeniella'' *'' Singchia'' *'' Smithsonia'' *'' Smitinandia'' *'' Spongiola'' *'' Stereochilus'' *''

'' *'' Taprobanea'' *''

Thrixspermum ''Thrixspermum'', commonly known as hairseeds or 白点兰属 (bai dian lan shu), is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytes, lithophytes or terrestrial plants with flat, leathery leaves and sho ...

'' *''

Trachoma Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by bacterium ''Chlamydia trachomatis''. The infection causes a roughening of the inner surface of the eyelids. This roughening can lead to pain in the eyes, breakdown of the outer surface or cornea of ...

'' *'' Trichoglottis'' *'' Tuberolabium'' *'' Uncifera'' *''

'' *''

Vandopsis ''Vandopsis'', abbreviated as Vdps in horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids in the family Orchidaceae. It contains ca. 5 species found in Southeast Asia, Northern and southern China, Southern China, the Philippines, and New Guinea. Recently ...

'' **'' Ventricularia''

References

External links

* Orchid subtribes {{Vandeae-stub