![TerminaLink](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/TerminaLink.jpg)
The Innovia APM 100 (formerly known as the CX-100) is an automated
people mover
A people mover or automated people mover (APM) is a type of small scale automated guideway transit system. The term is generally used only to describe systems serving relatively small areas such as airports, downtown districts or theme parks. ...
(APM) rolling stock first developed by
Westinghouse (later
Adtranz,
Bombardier Transportation
Bombardier Transportation was a Canadian-German rolling stock and rail transport manufacturer, headquartered in Berlin, Germany.
It was one of the world's largest companies in the rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing and servicing industry ...
, and now
Alstom
Alstom SA is a French multinational rolling stock manufacturer operating worldwide in rail transport markets, active in the fields of passenger transportation, signalling, and locomotives, with products including the AGV, TGV, Eurostar, Avelia ...
), intended mainly for airport connections and
light rail in towns. They are operated by
Automatic Train Control
Automatic train control (ATC) is a general class of train protection systems for railways that involves a speed control mechanism in response to external inputs. For example, a system could effect an emergency brake application if the driver do ...
(ATC), making it fully automatic and driverless.
The Innovia APM 100 is an evolution of Westinghouse's previous people mover vehicle, the C-100. Bombardier's intended successor to the Innovia APM 100 is the
Innovia APM 200
The Innovia APM 200 was an automated people mover, people mover system (APM) manufactured and marketed by Alstom. It was second generation of Innovia APM offered and is part of Alstom's Alstom Innovia, Innovia series of fully automated transporta ...
(originally simply known as the Innovia), which made its debut on
Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport's Skylink APM. However, the Innovia APM 100 continues to be offered by Bombardier and will remain in service at many airports for years to come. In addition to being used at many airports, the Innovia APM 100 is used on the
Miami Metromover
Metromover is a free mass transit automated people mover train system operated by Miami-Dade Transit in Miami, Florida, United States. Metromover serves the Downtown Miami, Brickell, Park West and Arts & Entertainment District neighborhoods ...
which runs throughout
Downtown Miami
Downtown Miami is the urban city center of Miami, Florida. The city's greater downtown region consists of the Central Business District, Brickell, the Historic District, Government Center, the Arts & Entertainment District, and Park West. It ...
, Florida, United States.
History
![Original TPA people movers (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Original_TPA_people_movers_%28cropped%29.jpg)
The Innovia 100 APM people mover vehicle is a modern version of the Westinghouse C-100 people mover first built by the
Westinghouse Electric Corporation
The Westinghouse Electric Corporation was an American manufacturing company founded in 1886 by George Westinghouse. It was originally named "Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company" and was renamed "Westinghouse Electric Corporation" in ...
. Westinghouse developed the technology in the early 1960s. They built the
Transit Expressway Revenue Line
The Transit Expressway Revenue Line (TERL), commonly known as Skybus, was a proposed people mover rapid transit system developed by Westinghouse for the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania during the 1960s–1970s. In contrast to the traditional ...
in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County. It is the most populous city in both Allegheny County and Wester ...
as a prototype to demonstrate their people mover technology in 1965. Westinghouse marketed the people mover system as an urban transit system and had hoped to build a fully-functioning system in Pittsburgh. However, political leaders held opposing views on the prospects of a rubber-tired mass transit system and plans to implement this system were rejected.
Despite this, Westinghouse would see success with their people mover system at airports. In 1966, they were contracted to build a
people mover system for the new terminal at
Tampa International Airport
Tampa International Airport is an international airport west of Downtown Tampa, in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned by Hillsborough County Aviation Authority (HCAA)., effective December 30, 2021. T ...
. This would be the first time an automated people mover system was used to transport passengers within an airport terminal. The Tampa airport system included eight first-generation Westinghouse C-100 vehicles when it opened in 1971. Two years later, Westinghouse completed its second airport people mover system, the
Satellite Transit System
The SEA Underground, formerly called the Satellite Transit System (STS), is an automated people mover (APM) system operating in the Seattle–Tacoma International Airport in SeaTac, Washington, United States. Originally opening in 1973, the SEA ...
, at
Seattle-Tacoma International Airport.
![Miami - panoramio (6)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Miami_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg)
In 1980, Westinghouse people mover systems were opened at
Miami International Airport
Miami International Airport , also known as MIA and historically as Wilcox Field, is the primary airport serving the greater Miami metropolitan area with over 1,000 daily flights to 167 domestic and international destinations, including most co ...
and
Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport. The system in Atlanta (known today as
The Plane Train
The Plane Train is a 24/7 automated people mover (APM) at Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport that transports passengers between the terminals and the airside concourses. The system is the world's most heavily traveled airport AP ...
), is one of the world's most heavily used people mover systems in the world. These systems used second generation C-100 vehicles, which has been the primary design of the vehicle ever since. The C-100 would be installed at more airports throughout the 1980s.
In 1986, the Westinghouse C-100 made its debut on its first urban people mover system, the
Metromover
Metromover is a free mass transit automated people mover train system operated by Miami-Dade Transit in Miami, Florida, United States. Metromover serves the Downtown Miami, Brickell, Park West and Arts & Entertainment District neighborhoods. M ...
in
Miami, Florida
Miami ( ), officially the City of Miami, known as "the 305", "The Magic City", and "Gateway to the Americas", is a East Coast of the United States, coastal metropolis and the County seat, county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade C ...
.
In 1988, Westinghouse sold its transportation division to Germany company
AEG
Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft AG (AEG; ) was a German producer of electrical equipment founded in Berlin as the ''Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte Elektricität'' in 1883 by Emil Rathenau. During the Second World War, AEG ...
, which merged into a joint venture of
ABB
ABB Ltd. is a Swedish- Swiss multinational corporation headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland. The company was formed in 1988 when Sweden's Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA) and Switzerland's Brown, Boveri & Cie merged to crea ...
and
Daimler Benz
The Mercedes-Benz Group Aktiengesellschaft, AG (previously named Daimler-Benz, DaimlerChrysler and Daimler) is a German Multinational corporation, multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It ...
named
Adtranz in 1996. Adtranz continued production on the C-100, which was marketed as the Adtranz C-100 and subsequently the Adtranz CX-100.
Adtranz was acquired by
Bombardier in 2001, who then rebranded the vehicle as the Bombardier CX-100. Bombardier has since rebranded the CX-100 again to its current name, the Innovia APM 100, to bring all of their people mover models under the same branding.
While most of the earlier C-100s have been retired and replaced with Innovia APM 100s,
London Stansted Airport
London Stansted Airport is a tertiary international airport serving London, England, United Kingdom. It is located near Stansted Mountfitchet, Essex, England, northeast of Central London.
London Stansted serves over 160 destinations acro ...
still uses 5 C-100 vehicles on its
Track Transit System. 4 C-100s are also preserved on display in museums: 2 vehicles from the Miami Metromover are preserved at the
Gold Coast Railroad Museum
The Gold Coast Railroad Museum is a railroad museum located in Miami, Florida, adjacent to Zoo Miami.
Description
The Gold Coast Railroad Museum was founded in 1956. The museum was built on the former Naval Air Station Richmond. With over three ...
and 2 from the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport system are preserved at the
Southeastern Railway Museum
The Southeastern Railway Museum ( initialised SRM, AAR code SMRX) is a railroad museum located in Duluth, Georgia, in suburban Atlanta.
The museum was founded in 1970 by the Atlanta Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society. There are o ...
.
Airport connections
![APM Madrid airport](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/APM_Madrid_airport.JPG)
A popular rolling stock for intra-terminal connection in large airports, it operates in a number of airports:
Urban lines
Miami Metromover
The Bombardier Innovia APM 100 is used on the
Metromover
Metromover is a free mass transit automated people mover train system operated by Miami-Dade Transit in Miami, Florida, United States. Metromover serves the Downtown Miami, Brickell, Park West and Arts & Entertainment District neighborhoods. M ...
in
Miami, Florida
Miami ( ), officially the City of Miami, known as "the 305", "The Magic City", and "Gateway to the Americas", is a East Coast of the United States, coastal metropolis and the County seat, county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade C ...
, United States. This was the first application of Westinghouse's people mover technology outside of an airport. The system's original Westinghouse C-100s were replaced with the current Innovia APM 100s in 2008.
The Metromover remains one of the world's few rail systems that uses the Innovia APM 100 for non-airport operations.
Bukit Panjang LRT
![BPLRT interior](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/BPLRT_interior.jpg)
The
Innovia APM 100 (C801) began operations on the
Bukit Panjang LRT Line
The Bukit Panjang LRT line (BPLRT) is a automated guideway transit line in Bukit Panjang, Singapore. The BPLRT is the only LRT line operated by SMRT Trains. As the name suggests, it serves 13 stations in the neighbourhood of Bukit Panjang and ...
in 1999. These cars are similar to the C-100s formerly used at
Singapore Changi Airport
Singapore Changi Airport, commonly known as Changi Airport , is a major civilian international airport that serves Singapore, and is one of the largest transportation hubs in Asia. As one of the world's busiest airports by international passen ...
's
Skytrain system in the early 1990s, jointly built by
Westinghouse and
Adtranz (acquired by Bombardier). Most of the new features available in newer
MRT
MRT may refer to:
Transport Rapid Transit Systems
* Mass Rapid Transit (disambiguation)
* MRT (Singapore) or Mass Rapid Transit, Singapore
* MRT (Bangkok) or Metropolitan Rapid Transit, Thailand
* Manila Metro Rail Transit System, Philippine ...
train cars are found here as well.
![Mistedscr](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Mistedscr.png)
Instead of metal wheels on metal tracks, rubber-tired wheels on a concrete track are used, which makes it run very quiet. The windows are
smart glass
Smart glass or switchable glass (also called a smart window or switchable window) is a glass or glazing whose light transmission properties dynamically alter to control the passage of solar irradiation into buildings. In general, the glass chan ...
and are programmed to automatically mist within of (mostly) HDB apartment blocks ensuring residents' privacy. 19 individual cars (which can be coupled in pairs if necessary during peak hours) were purchased.
The line suffered numerous technical problems in its initial years, and subsequent LRT lines in Singapore used the
Crystal Mover
The Crystal Mover is a rubber-tired automated people mover (APM) system for airport and light rail applications manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Mihara, Japan. The Crystal Mover, initially based on the Japanese APM standard, is us ...
instead. SMRT also announced that they will upgrade the LRT system with full cost paid by the company.
13 more trainsets for the Bukit Panjang LRT Line (C801A) have been progressively introduced since late-2014 to ease the 100% peak hour congestion. As of 4 September 2015, all C801A trains are on revenue service.
Guangzhou APM Line
The Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System, or officially known as the
Guangzhou Metro
The Guangzhou Metro () ( and ) is the rapid transit system of the city of Guangzhou in Guangdong Province of China. It is operated by the state-owned Guangzhou Metro Corporation and was the fourth metro system to be built in mainland China, af ...
APM Line, is operated by a fleet of 14 Innovia APM 100 rolling stock. It serves the
Zhujiang New Town
Zhujiang New Town or Zhujiang New City is a central business district in Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It is bounded by Huangpu Avenue on the north, the Pearl River (China), Pearl River on the south, Guangzhou Avenue on the wes ...
area in
Guangzhou
Guangzhou (, ; ; or ; ), also known as Canton () and alternatively romanized as Kwongchow or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kon ...
, the new
CBD of the city. The system began operations in November 2010 and is completely underground. In terms of construction cost per kilometre, it is the most expensive APM system in the world, yet it is the shortest and least used line in the Guangzhou Metro network.
Technical specifications
* System operation:
Automatic train control
Automatic train control (ATC) is a general class of train protection systems for railways that involves a speed control mechanism in response to external inputs. For example, a system could effect an emergency brake application if the driver do ...
(ATC) under
automatic train operation (ATO) GoA level 4 (UTO)
** ''CITYFLO'' 550 fixed block signalling
**
''CITYFLO'' 650 moving block
In railway signalling, a moving block is a signalling block system where the blocks are defined in real time by computers as safe zones around each train. This requires both knowledge of the exact location and speed of all trains at any given ti ...
communications-based train control
Communications-based train control (CBTC) is a railway signaling system that uses telecommunications between the train and track equipment for traffic management and infrastructure control. CBTC allows a train's position to be known more accurat ...
(CBTC)
* Gauge: central guideway with
rubber tyre
A tire (American English) or tyre (British English) is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide traction on the surface over which ...
s
* Maximum speed: (Guangzhou Metro variation: )
* Traction control:
Thyristor
A thyristor () is a solid-state semiconductor device with four layers of alternating P- and N-type materials used for high-power applications. It acts exclusively as a bistable switch (or a latch), conducting when the gate receives a current ...
drive
Drive or The Drive may refer to:
Motoring
* Driving, the act of controlling a vehicle
* Road trip, a journey on roads
Roadways
Roadways called "drives" may include:
* Driveway, a private road for local access to structures, abbreviated "drive"
...
powering two Bombardier 1460-P4 DC motors, each with a continuous rating of
* Capacity: 105 (22 seating, 83 standing)
* Unladen weight:
* Dimensions: long, wide, high
See also
*
Bombardier Guided Light Transit
Guided Light Transit (GLT, french: Transport sur Voie Réservée or TVR) was the name of guided bus technology and associated infrastructure designed and manufactured by Bombardier Transportation (now Alstom). It was installed in two French cit ...
*
Innovia APM
Innovia APM is a rubber-tired automated people mover system (APM) currently manufactured and marketed by Alstom as part of its Alstom Innovia, Innovia series of fully automated transportation systems. The technology was introduced in 1963 by West ...
– automated people mover systems
*
Crystal Mover
The Crystal Mover is a rubber-tired automated people mover (APM) system for airport and light rail applications manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Mihara, Japan. The Crystal Mover, initially based on the Japanese APM standard, is us ...
– a competing APM rolling stock by
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
is a Japanese multinational engineering, electrical equipment and electronics corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. MHI is one of the core companies of the Mitsubishi Group and its automobile division is the predecessor of Mitsubishi Mo ...
References
External links
*
Bombardier Transportations : Bukit Panjang LRT CX-100
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bombardier Innovia APM 100
Innovia APM 100
The Innovia APM 100 (formerly known as the CX-100) is an automated people mover (APM) rolling stock first developed by Westinghouse (later Adtranz, Bombardier Transportation, and now Alstom), intended mainly for airport connections and light ...
Innovia APM 100
The Innovia APM 100 (formerly known as the CX-100) is an automated people mover (APM) rolling stock first developed by Westinghouse (later Adtranz, Bombardier Transportation, and now Alstom), intended mainly for airport connections and light ...
Light Rail Transit (Singapore) rolling stock
Electric multiple units of the United States
Electric multiple units of Great Britain
Electric multiple units of Spain
Rolling stock of Singapore
Multiple units of Malaysia
Electric multiple units of China
Electric multiple units of Germany
Electric railcars and multiple units of Italy
Bombardier Transportation multiple units