Adriaan Hendrik Johan Prins, generally known as A. H. J. Prins (1921,

Harderwijk Harderwijk (; Dutch Low Saxon: ) is a municipality and city of the Netherlands. It is served by the Harderwijk railway station. Its population centres are Harderwijk and Hierden. Harderwijk is on the western boundary of the Veluwe. The southea ...

Gelderland Gelderland (), also known as Guelders () in English, is a province of the Netherlands, occupying the centre-east of the country. With a total area of of which is water, it is the largest province of the Netherlands by land area, and second by ...

– 11 February 2000) was a Dutch Africanist and maritime

anthropologist An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and ...

. He was a recipient of many research grants and fellowships (

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...

Ford Foundation The Ford Foundation is an American private foundation with the stated goal of advancing human welfare. Created in 1936 by Edsel Ford and his father Henry Ford, it was originally funded by a US$25,000 gift from Edsel Ford. By 1947, after the death ...

, the Netherlands Organization for Pure Research, etc.), Prins was frequently consulted by the Dutch government and royal court, who valued his wealth of knowledge about the peoples and cultures of

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

and the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Pro ...

. In addition to scores of

encyclopedia An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles ...

entries and dozens of scholarly articles in a wide range of international journals such as ''Anthropos'', ''Man'', ''Human Organization'', and ''The Mariner’s Mirror'', Prins regularly published in Dutch

newspapers A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports ...

and magazines. Moreover, he illustrated many of his books and articles with his own ethnographic photographs, sketches, and pen drawings.

Early life and education

Prins studied social geography and

ethnology Ethnology (from the grc-gre, ἔθνος, meaning 'nation') is an academic field that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural anthropology, cultural, social anthropolo ...

at the

University of Utrecht Utrecht University (UU; nl, Universiteit Utrecht, formerly ''Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht'') is a public research university in Utrecht, Netherlands. Established , it is one of the oldest universities in the Netherlands. In 2018, it had an enrollme ...

under Prof. Dr. Henri Th. Fischer. In 1943, the

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

occupying forces ordered

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

students and faculty to sign a "loyalty declaration". Like many others, Prins refused and joined the

resistance movement A resistance movement is an organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a country to withstand the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability. It may seek to achieve its objective ...

, ultimately becoming chief of intelligence in the VIth Brigade (Veluwe). He was known as "Peter", his ''

nom de guerre A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individua ...

''. Following the 1944

Battle of Arnhem The Battle of Arnhem was a battle of the Second World War at the vanguard of the Allied Operation Market Garden. It was fought in and around the Dutch city of Arnhem, the town of Oosterbeek, the villages Wolfheze and Driel and the vicinity fro ...

, he was incorporated into the British Intelligence Section (

MI9 MI9, the British Directorate of Military Intelligence Section 9, was a highly secret department of the War Office between 1939 and 1945. During World War II it had two principal tasks: (1) assisting in the escape of Allied prisoners of war (P ...

), a department of the War Office tasked with aiding resistance fighters in enemy occupied territories. Given the rank of first lieutenant, he served in the Intelligence Branch of the General Staff of the

21st Army Group The 21st Army Group was a British headquarters formation formed during the Second World War. It controlled two field armies and other supporting units, consisting primarily of the British Second Army and the First Canadian Army. Established in ...

, commanded by Montgomery. After

demobilization Demobilization or demobilisation (see spelling differences) is the process of standing down a nation's armed forces from combat-ready status. This may be as a result of victory in war, or because a crisis has been peacefully resolved and militar ...

in 1945, he resumed graduate studies at Utrecht. A year later, having acquired his ''doctoraal'' degree, he became a

research assistant A research assistant (RA) is a researcher employed, often on a temporary contract, by a university, a research institute or a privately held organization, for the purpose of assisting in academic or private research. Research assistants are not in ...

at Utrecht's Institute of Ethnology under Fischer. In 1947, he received a

fellow A fellow is a concept whose exact meaning depends on context. In learned or professional societies, it refers to a privileged member who is specially elected in recognition of their work and achievements. Within the context of higher education ...

ship at the

London School of Economics , mottoeng = To understand the causes of things , established = , type = Public research university , endowment = £240.8 million (2021) , budget = £391.1 millio ...

for

social anthropology Social anthropology is the study of patterns of behaviour in human societies and cultures. It is the dominant constituent of anthropology throughout the United Kingdom and much of Europe, where it is distinguished from cultural anthropology. In t ...

training under

Raymond Firth Sir Raymond William Firth (25 March 1901 – 22 February 2002) was an ethnologist from New Zealand. As a result of Firth's ethnographic work, actual behaviour of societies (social organization) is separated from the idealized rules of behaviou ...

Siegfried Nadel Siegfried Frederick Nadel (24 April 1903 – 14 January 1956) was an Austrian-born United Kingdom, British Social Anthropology, anthropologist, specialising in African ethnology. Life and career Siegfried Ferdinand Stephan Nadel was born on 24 ...

, and

Audrey Richards Audrey Isabel Richards, CBE, FRAI, FBA (8 July 1899 – 29 June 1984), was a pioneering British social anthropologist. She produced notable ethnographic studies. The most famous of which is ''Chisingu: A Girl's initiation ceremony among the B ...

. Then, equipped with language training in Swahili, he travelled to

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

as a British Colonial Fellow for

ethnographic Ethnography (from Greek ''ethnos'' "folk, people, nation" and ''grapho'' "I write") is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject o ...

research in the

Teita Hills The Taita Hills, sometimes also spelled as Teita Hills, are a mountain range located in the Taita-Taveta County in south-eastern Kenya. The hills consist of three massifs: Dawida, Sagalla in the southern side of Voi township and Kasigau in ...

. Guided by Senior District Commissioner

Harold E. Lambert Harold E. Lambert OBE (1893–1967) was a British linguist and anthropologist in Kenya. Born in Pield Heath, raised in Bournemouth, and educated at Queens' College, Cambridge (1912–1915), Lambert served as a platoon commander in t ...

, a

Cambridge University , mottoeng = Literal: From here, light and sacred draughts. Non literal: From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge. , established = , other_name = The Chancellor, Masters and Schola ...

-trained

and

linguist Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...

specialized in the Swahili and

Kikuyu Kikuyu or Gikuyu (Gĩkũyũ) mostly refers to an ethnic group in Kenya or its associated language. It may also refer to: * Kikuyu people, a majority ethnic group in Kenya *Kikuyu language, the language of Kikuyu people *Kikuyu, Kenya, a town in Cent ...

languages, Prins began his fieldwork. Later, he dedicated one of his books to Lambert. Although Prins focused initially on British anthropological topics, such as

kinship In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated. Anthropologist Robin Fox says that ...

and

social structure In the social sciences, social structure is the aggregate of patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of individuals. Likewise, society is believed to be grouped into structurally rel ...

, his enduring interest concerned the

maritime history Maritime history is the study of human interaction with and activity at sea. It covers a broad thematic element of history that often uses a global approach, although national and regional histories remain predominant. As an academic subject, it ...

and cultural ecology of

seafaring Seamanship is the art, knowledge and competence of operating a ship, boat or other craft on water. The'' Oxford Dictionary'' states that seamanship is "The skill, techniques, or practice of handling a ship or boat at sea." It involves topics a ...

peoples.

Career

In 1951, two years before earning his

PhD PHD or PhD may refer to: * Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), an academic qualification Entertainment * '' PhD: Phantasy Degree'', a Korean comic series * ''Piled Higher and Deeper'', a web comic * Ph.D. (band), a 1980s British group ** Ph.D. (Ph.D. albu ...

from Utrecht U, Prins was hired as the first anthropologist at the

University of Groningen The University of Groningen (abbreviated as UG; nl, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, abbreviated as RUG) is a Public university#Continental Europe, public research university of more than 30,000 students in the city of Groningen (city), Groningen in ...

, where he later became the founding director of the Institute of Cultural Anthropology. Although he lectured at many institutions in

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territories make up Eastern Africa: Due to the historical ...

, and the

, he remained there until his retirement in 1984.

Fieldwork

A committed fieldworker, Prins made numerous journeys abroad during and after his

tenure Tenure is a category of academic appointment existing in some countries. A tenured post is an indefinite academic appointment that can be terminated only for cause or under extraordinary circumstances, such as financial exigency or program disco ...

in Groningen. In 1957, he began studying

dhows Dhow ( ar, داو, translit=dāwa; mr, script=Latn, dāw) is the generic name of a number of traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with settee or sometimes lateen sails, used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region. Typically spor ...

, the lateen-rigged sailing ships of the

Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by th ...

and the way in which they operate, first in the

Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Persis, Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a Mediterranean sea (oceanography), me ...

, then on the coast of

Zanzibar Zanzibar (; ; ) is an insular semi-autonomous province which united with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania. It is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of many small islands ...

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

and

Tanganyika Tanganyika may refer to: Places * Tanganyika Territory (1916–1961), a former British territory which preceded the sovereign state * Tanganyika (1961–1964), a sovereign state, comprising the mainland part of present-day Tanzania * Tanzania Main ...

(1957, 1965–66, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971). Other projects involved research in

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

(1954–55),

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...

(1957),

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

(1959), the

(1970, 1973),

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

and

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

(1961–62, 1970),

South Arabia South Arabia () is a historical region that consists of the southern region of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia, mainly centered in what is now the Republic of Yemen, yet it has also historically included Najran, Jizan, Al-Bahah, and 'Asi ...

(1970, 1973),

Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most cent ...

(1972, 1974). One of the founders of the Arctic Centre at Groningen University, he made annual research trips to northern

Scandinavia Scandinavia; Sámi languages: /. ( ) is a subregion#Europe, subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. In English usage, ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, ...

from 1968 to 1992, and beginning in 1970 traveled to

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...

and made frequent journeys to the

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the e ...

island of

Malta Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...

Retirement

After his retirement in 1984, the

Dutch government The politics of the Netherlands take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, a constitutional monarchy, and a decentralised unitary state.''Civil service systems in Western Europe'' edited by A. J. G. M. Bekke, ...

restructured

higher education Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completi ...

and terminated the anthropological institute at Groningen University. As an Emeritus Professor, Prins continued various maritime and cultural historical research projects. He died on 11 February 2000, after five years of illness, the result of a debilitating

stroke A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. Both cause parts of the brain to stop functionin ...

. Buried in

Noordlaren Noordlaren is a village in the municipality of Groningen in the Dutch province of Groningen. It had a population of around 545 in 2021. In 2010 it was said to be 850 years old. In the past Noordlaren was a farming village. Nowadays there are still ...

near "Huis ter Aa," his family home in the old rural village of

Glimmen Glimmen is a village in the northeastern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Groningen, about 10 kilometres from the city. It had a population of around 1,342 in 2021. The river Drentsche Aa flows past the village, nearby the ''Huis ...

south of

Groningen Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of the northern part of t ...

City, he was survived by his wife Ita (P.A.C. Prins-Poorter, 1921–2016), nine children, and sixteen grandchildren.

Selected publications

* ''The Coastal Tribes of the Northeastern Bantu: Pokomo, Nyika, Teita'' (1952). * ''East-African Age-Class Systems: An Inquiry into the Social Order of the Galla, Kipsigis and Kikuyu'' (1953; reprinted by the Negro Press in 1970) * "An Analysis of Swahili Kinship Terminology." ''Journal of the East African Swahili Committee'' Vol.26:20-27 (1956); Continued, Ibid. Vol.28:9-16 (1958). * "On Swahili Historiography." ''Journal of the East African Swahili Committee'' 28:26-40 (1958). * "Uncertainties in Coastal Cultural History: The Ngalawa and the Mtepe." ''Tanganyika Notes and Records'' 63:204-213 (1959). * "The Somaliland Bantu." ''Bulletin of the International Committee on Urgent Anthropological and Ethnological Research'' 3:28-31 (1960). * ''Bibliografie van

: Grondslagen voor een verzameling bronnen en publicaties, geannoteerd, bijeengebracht en van een inleiding voorzien'' (1960). * ''The Swahili-speaking Peoples of

and the East Coast of Africa'' (1961, 2nd edition 1967) * "The Didemic Diarchic Boni." ''Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute'' 93:174-186 (1963). * "A Carved Headrest of the Cushitic Boni: An Attempted Interpretation." ''MAN'' Vol.65:189-191 (1965). * ''Sailing from

Lamu Lamu or Lamu Town is a small town on Lamu Island, which in turn is a part of the Lamu Archipelago in Kenya. Situated by road northeast of Mombasa that ends at Mokowe Jetty, from where the sea channel has to be crossed to reach Lamu Island. ...

: A Study of Maritime Culture in Islamic East Africa'' (1965).Described as "probably the best book ever written on East African maritime culture. It is stuffed full of information on dhow types, construction, rigging, ownership, crewing, and decoration. It even includes some intriguing observations on the cultural meaning of ships to the Swahili" (Gilbert p.9). Gilbert, Erik. 1999. Sailing from Lamu and Back: Labor Migration and Regional Trade in Colonial East Africa. ''Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East'', Vol.XIX (2):9-15. * ''Schippers van

Blokzijl Blokzijl is a small city located southwest of Steenwijk in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. The city is a major tourist destination near the De Weerribben-Wieden National Park and attracts many water sports enthusiasts. Blokzijl was ...

: Een Maritime Maatschappij in Miniatuur'' (1969). * "Islamic Maritime Magic: A Ship's Charm from Lamu. Pp.294-304. In: ''Wort und Religion - Kalima na Dini''. (Festschrift fuer Ernst Dammann). Stuttgart:Evangelischer Missionverlag. (1969) * ''A Swahili Nautical Dictionary'' (Preface by

Julius Nyerere Julius Kambarage Nyerere (; 13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian anti-colonial activist, politician, and political theorist. He governed Tanganyika as prime minister from 1961 to 1962 and then as president from 1962 to 1964, aft ...

, 1970). * "Dutch Maritime Inventiveness and the Chinese

Leeboard A leeboard is a form of pivoting keel used by a sailboat largely and very often in lieu of a fixed keel. Typically mounted in pairs on each side of a hull, leeboards function much like a centreboard, allowing shallow-draft craft to ply waters f ...

." ''The Mariner's Mirror'' Vol.56:349-353. (1970) * "Maritime Art in an Islamic Context: Oculus and Therion in Lamu ships." ''The Mariner's Mirror'' Vol.56:327-339. * ''Didemic Lamu: Social Stratification and Spatial Structure in a Muslim Maritime Town.'' Groningen: Instituut voor Culturele Antropologie der Rijksuniversiteit (1971). * "The Shungwaya Problem: Traditional History and Cultural Likeness in

Bantu Bantu may refer to: *Bantu languages, constitute the largest sub-branch of the Niger–Congo languages *Bantu peoples, over 400 peoples of Africa speaking a Bantu language * Bantu knots, a type of African hairstyle *Black Association for National ...

North-East Africa." ''Anthropos'' Vol.67:1-2,9-35. * "The Maritime Middle East: A Century of Studies." ''The Middle East Journal'' Vol.27:207-219.(1973) * "Development in Arctic Boat Design: Efflorescence or Involution?". pp. 12–30. In: ''Netherlands-Swedish Symposium in Scandinavian Arctic Culture''. Groningen: Arctic Centre (1975). * “The Mtepe of Lamu,

Mombasa Mombasa ( ; ) is a coastal city in southeastern Kenya along the Indian Ocean. It was the first capital of the British East Africa, before Nairobi was elevated to capital city status. It now serves as the capital of Mombasa County. The town is ...

and the Zanzibar Sea.” pp. 85–100. In: ''From Zinj to Zanzibar: Studies in History, Trade and Society on the Eastern Coast of Africa.''(In Honour of James Kirkman). Eds. J. de V. Allen and Thomas H. Wilson. Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde vol.28. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982. * ''

Jan van Schaffelaar Jan van Schaffelaar ( 1445 – 1482) was a cavalry officer in the duchy of Guelders (or Gelre), the Netherlands. Born in the region of Barneveld (town), Barneveld in the Veluwe Quarter about 1445, he was in the military service of David of Burgundy, ...

: Requiem voor een Gelderse Ruiter'' (1982) * ''Watching the Seaside: Essays on Maritime Anthropology by dr A. H. J. Prins'' (eds. Durk Hak, Ypie Kroes & Hans Schneymann, 1984). * ''Copernicaanse Cultuurkunde: Een Geometrisch Model naar Tri-Sferisch Ontwerp'' (Assen: Van Gorcum, 1984) * "Two Trends of Thought in Turkish Maritime Culture: The Ethical Ship and the Magical Galley." ''The Mariner's Mirror'' Vol.70:45-58. * ''Handbook of Sewn Boats: The Ethnography and Archaeology of Archaic Plank-Built Craft'' (1984). * “The future of maritime research: questions of culture and problems of process.” pp. 1–8, in: ''Sewn plank boats: archaeological and ethnographic papers''. McGrail, Sean; Kentley, Eric, eds. Greenwich, London: National Maritime Museum, Archaeological Series No.10; Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 276. (1985) * ''In Peril on the Sea: Marine Votive Paintings in the Maltese Islands'' (1989). * ''

: Middeleeuwse vanaf de Waterkant'' (1994) * “Mediterranean Ships and Shipping, 1650-1850.” In: ''The Heyday of Sail: The Merchant Sailing Ship 1650-1830'' (1995).

Sources

“From Tropical Africa to Arctic Scandinavia: A. H. J. Prins as Maritime Anthropologist.” In: ''Circumpolar Studies'' 2: 21-28.
* “Dr. A. H. J. Prins as a Maritime Anthropologist: A preliminary appraisal and an introduction.” By Durk Hak, in: ''Watching the Seaside'', 1984:1-10. * ''Anthropology News'', Vol. 41 (4): 92. * ''Anthropology Today'', Vol. 16 (3): 25–26. * ''Focaal: Tijdschrift voor Antropologie'', No.35. * Trouwborst, Albert A. 2000. "In Memoriam Adriaan Hendrik Johan Prins (1921-2000)." ''Facta: Sociaal Wetenschappelijk Magazine'' Vol.5(8):13.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prins, A. H. J. 1921 births 2000 deaths People from Harderwijk Dutch Africanists Dutch anthropologists University of Groningen faculty Utrecht University alumni 20th-century anthropologists Dutch expatriates in the United Kingdom