![Yvon 3](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Yvon_3.jpg)
Adolphe Yvon (1817–1893) was a French painter known for his paintings of the
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...
. Yvon studied under
Paul Delaroche
Hippolyte-Paul Delaroche (17 July 1797 – 4 November 1856) was a French painter who achieved his greater successes painting historical scenes. He became famous in Europe for his melodramatic depictions that often portrayed subjects from English ...
, rose to fame during the Second Empire, then finished his career as a teacher.
Career
Shortly after the end of the
Crimean War
The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia.
Geopolitical causes of the war included the de ...
in September 1855, Yvon was commissioned by the French government to paint a large picture of the capture of the Malakoff at
Sevastopol
Sevastopol (; uk, Севасто́поль, Sevastópolʹ, ; gkm, Σεβαστούπολις, Sevastoúpolis, ; crh, Акъя́р, Aqyár, ), sometimes written Sebastopol, is the largest city in Crimea, and a major port on the Black Sea ...
. He sailed for the Crimea on February 19, 1856, where he spent six weeks compiling a portfolio of sketches, as well as visiting the battlefield of
Inkerman
Inkerman ( uk, Інкерман, russian: Инкерман, crh, İnkerman) is a city in the Crimean peninsula. It is ''de facto'' within the federal city of Sevastopol within the Russian Federation, but ''de jure'' within Ukraine. It lies 5 ...
. In 1857, the finished painting ''La Prise de la tour de Malakoff 8 septembre 1855'' was shown at the
Paris Salon
The Salon (french: Salon), or rarely Paris Salon (French: ''Salon de Paris'' ), beginning in 1667 was the official art exhibition of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Between 1748 and 1890 it was arguably the greatest annual or biennial art ...
, and two years later came ''La Gorge de Malakoff'', and ''La courtine de Malakoff''. ''La Prise'' was a massive piece measuring 6 metres by 9 metres and represented the moment when the fortification was captured around midday.
In the succeeding years, Emperor
Napoleon III
Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A nephew ...
began to admire his battle scenes; naturally he glorified the carnage of Napoleon I's campaigns. Yvon became an officer of the
Légion d'honneur
The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...
in 1867, and painted Napoleon III's portrait the following year (unlocated). Yvon was known as the leading teacher of drawing at the
École des Beaux-Arts
École des Beaux-Arts (; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth century ...
(1863–83). Some of his most notable students include
António Soares dos Reis
António Manuel Soares dos Reis (Vila Nova de Gaia, 14 October 1847 - Vila Nova de Gaia, 16 February 1889) was a Portuguese sculptor.
Studies
He first studied at the Portuense Academy of Fine Arts, where he graduated in sculpture in 1867. He st ...
and
Henrique Pousão.
[ https://sigarra.up.pt/up/en/p/antigos%20estudantes%20ilustres%20-%20henrique%20pous%C3%A3o ] A few Americans received instruction from him, including
Christian Schussele
Christian Schussele (born 16 April 1824 in Guebwiller, Alsace – 20 August 1879 in Merchantville, New Jersey) was an American artist and teacher, and is credited with designing the American Medal of Honor. He studied under Adolphe Yvon and Paul ...
,
Alfred Wordsworth Thompson,
William Sartain, and
J. Alden Weir. The latter took Yvon's afternoon life-drawing class starting in the fall of 1874. Yvon provided the subject for compositional sketches for his students, for example, "The Assassination of Julius Caesar", for which he specified how it should be done: "Caesar covers his head with his toga . . . he was shoved to the base of Pompey's statue, which became bathed in his blood." (Archives of the École des Beaux-Arts, Archives Nationales, AJ52 63). Alexander Stewart, the American collector, commissioned Yvon to paint ''The Reconciliation of the North and the South'' (lost) in 1870, as well as ''The Genius of America'' (1858, 1870). His ''Portrait of President Carnot'' (1888) appeared at the
World's Columbian Exposition
The World's Columbian Exposition (also known as the Chicago World's Fair) was a world's fair held in Chicago
(''City in a Garden''); I Will
, image_map =
, map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago
, coordi ...
.
Gallery
File:1861 Russian Noble And Serfs From A Drawing By Adolphe Yvon 01.jpg, Russian noble
A noble is a member of the nobility.
Noble may also refer to:
Places Antarctica
* Noble Glacier, King George Island
* Noble Nunatak, Marie Byrd Land
* Noble Peak, Wiencke Island
* Noble Rocks, Graham Land
Australia
* Noble Island, Great B ...
and serfs
Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery, which developed ...
(1861)
File:Adolphe Yvon - Haussmann présente à l'Empereur le plan d'annexion des Communes.jpg, Baron Haussmann
Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knigh ...
Presenting the Annexation Plan to the Emperor (1865)
File:Yvon - Portrait de Ferdinand Barrot (1806-1883), homme politique (P345).jpg, Portrait of Ferdinand Barrot
Ferdinand Victorin Barrot (10 January 1806 – 12 November 1883) was a French Bonapartist politician who carried the portfolio of Interior Minister of France, 31 October 1849 to 15 March 1850.
Biography
Born in Paris, the son of Jean-André Bar ...
(1867)
File:Adolphe Yvon - Portrait of Napoleon III - Walters 3795.jpg, ''Portrait of Napoleon III'' (1868). The Walters Art Museum
The Walters Art Museum, located in Mount Vernon-Belvedere, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, is a public art museum founded and opened in 1934. It holds collections established during the mid-19th century. The museum's collection was amassed ...
.
File:In the Harem.jpg, In the Harem (date unknown)
References
Further reading
* Eaton, D. Cady (1909). ''A Handbook of Modern French Painting''. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., p. 284.
* Thierry, A., "Adolphe Yvon: Souvenirs d'un peintre militaire", ''Revue des Deux Mondes'' 71 (1933): 844-873.
* Heiser, E. (1974). ''Adolphe Yvon, 1817–1893, et les siens: Notices biographiques''. Sarreguemines.
* Trapp, Frank (2000). "Adolphe Yvon", in ''From Monet to Cézanne: Late 19th Century French Artists''. The Grove Dictionary of Art. London: Macmillan, 2000, pp. 421–422.
Paintings
* ''The Assassination of Julius Caesar''
* ''The Charge of the French Cuirassiers at Reichshof''
* ''Marshall Ney at Retreat in Russia''
* ''La Prise de la tour de Malakoff 8 septembre 1855'' (
Palace of Versailles
The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 19 ...
)
* ''La Gorge de Malakoff'' (
Palace of Versailles
The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 19 ...
)
* ''La courtine de Malakoff''
* ''Genius of America'' (
New York State Education Department
The New York State Education Department (NYSED) is the department of the New York state government responsible for the supervision for all public schools in New York and all standardized testing, as well as the production and administration o ...
)
* From Solferino 1863
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yvon, Adolphe
1817 births
1893 deaths
19th-century French painters
French male painters
French war artists
19th-century war artists
19th-century French male artists