Karl Adolph Hansen (1851 in

Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...

– 1920 in

Giessen Giessen, spelled Gießen in German (), is a town in the German state (''Bundesland'') of Hesse, capital of both the district of Giessen and the administrative region of Giessen. The population is approximately 90,000, with roughly 37,000 univers ...

) was a German

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

. He graduated in 1887 at the

University of Würzburg The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (also referred to as the University of Würzburg, in German ''Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg'') is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany. The University of Würzburg is one of ...

on a thesis entitled "Geschichte der Assimilation und Chlorophyllfunktion" (supervised by

Julius Sachs Julius Sachs (July 6, 1849 – February 2, 1934) was an American educator, founder of the Sachs Collegiate Institute who belongs to the Goldman–Sachs family of bankers. Sachs was born on July 6, 1849, in Baltimore. After taking his A.B. at C ...

). He was professor of

botany Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek w ...

at the Justus Liebig-Universität Gießen 1891-1920. He had very broad academic interests, including history and archaeology. However, he always worked alone, supervised very few doctoral students (4 in 39 years), and stood outside the development of experimental physiological botany among his contemporaries. Hansen wrote scholarly works on

Goethe's Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German people, German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, politician, statesman, theatre director, and critic. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe bibliography, His works include pla ...

Metamorphosis of Plants ''Versuch die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklären'', known in English as ''Metamorphosis of Plants'', was published by German poet and philosopher Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1790. In this work, Goethe essentially discovered the (serially) ho ...

'' and had a fierce dispute over this hypothesis with

Houston Stewart Chamberlain Houston Stewart Chamberlain (; 9 September 1855 – 9 January 1927) was a British-German philosopher who wrote works about political philosophy and natural science. His writing promoted German ethnonationalism, antisemitism, and scientific ra ...

The wind controversy with Eugenius Warming

In 1901, Hansen wrote a treatise of the

dune A dune is a landform composed of wind- or water-driven sand. It typically takes the form of a mound, ridge, or hill. An area with dunes is called a dune system or a dune complex. A large dune complex is called a dune field, while broad, f ...

vegetation of the

East Frisian Islands The East Frisian Islands (German: ''Ostfriesische Inseln'', West Frisian: ''Eastfryske eilannen'', stq, Aastefräiske Ailounds) are a chain of islands in the North Sea, off the coast of East Frisia in Lower Saxony, Germany. The islands extend fo ...

, in which he proposed

salt Salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in the form of a natural crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quantitie ...

as the main plant-distributing factor. He thereby neglected previous work by

Warming Warming may refer to: People *Eugenius Warming, (1841–1924), Danish botanist * Thomas Warming, (b. 1969), Danish illustrator, painter and author See also *Global warming *Warming up *Warming Land Warming Land is a peninsula in far northern G ...

and Raunkiær contending the importance of the wind.

Eugenius Warming Eugenius (died 6 September 394) was a usurper in the Western Roman Empire (392–394) against Emperor Theodosius I. While Christian himself, Eugenius capitalized on the discontent in the West caused by Theodosius' religious policies targeting p ...

strongly criticised Hansen's work and Hansen returned by criticising Warming's '' Lehrbuch der ökologischen Pflanzengeographie'', to which Warming gave another polemic reply.Warming, E. (1902?) Die Windfrage: fortgesetzte Anmerkungen zu Prof. Ad. Hansen's Publicationen über den Wind. Englers Botanische Jahrbücher, vol. 32 Beiblatt, p. 25-36.

Selected scientific works

*Hansen, Ad. (1882) Geschichte der Assimilation und Chlorophyllfunction. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 90 pp. *Hansen, Ad. (1885) Die Ernährung der Pflanzen. Leipzig und Prag, Freytag & Tempsky, 1885. 268 pp. (Das Wissen der Gegenwart, vol. 38.) * ''Systematische Charakteristik der medicinisch-wichtigen Pflanzenfamilien, nebst Angabe der Abstammung der wichtigeren Arzneistoffe des Pflanzenreichs'' . Stahel, Würzburg 188
Digital edition
by the

University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...

*Hansen, Ad. (1907) Goethes Metamorphose der Pflanzen. Geschichte einer botanischen Hypothese. 2 Teile. Gießen: Alfred Töpelmann * ''Die Pflanze : mit 33 Abb.''. Göschen, Berlin 191
Digital edition
by the

*Hansen, Ad. (1919) Goethes Morphologie (Metamorphose der Planzen und Osteologie) Ein Beitrag zum sachlichen und philosophischen Verständnis und zur Kritik der morphologischen Begriffsbildung. Giessen: Alfred Töpelmann, 1919. 200 pp.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hansen, Adolf 19th-century German botanists University of Würzburg alumni Academic staff of the University of Giessen 1851 births 1920 deaths 20th-century German botanists Scientists from Hamburg