Adolfo Vítor Casais Monteiro (

Porto Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropol ...

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

, 4 July 1908 -

São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC a ...

Brasil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area an ...

, 23 July 1972) was a

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

essayist, poet and writer.

Biography

Casais Monteiro graduated in History and Philosophy at University of Porto ( Faculdade de Letras), where he was colleague of

Agostinho da Silva George Agostinho Baptista da Silva, GCSE (; Porto, 13 February 1906 – Lisbon, 3 April 1994) was a Portuguese philosopher, essayist, and writer. His thought combines elements of pantheism and millenarism, an ethic of renunciation (like in Bu ...

and

Delfim Santos Delfim Pinto dos Santos (1907–1966), was a Portuguese academic, philosopher, educationist, essayist and book and movie reviewer. Life Delfim Santos was born in Oporto, Portugal in 1907, to Arnaldo Pinto and Amelia dos Santos Oliveira. His ...

, in 1933. At

he started as a high school teacher at Liceu Rodrigues de Freitas, until he was prevented from teaching by the government dictatorship in 1937. He would eventually go into exile in Brasil in 1954 for the same reasons. After the removal of

Miguel Torga Miguel Torga (), pseudonym of Adolfo Correia da Rocha ( São Martinho de Anta, Sabrosa, Vila Real district, 12 August 1907 – Coimbra, 17 January 1995), is considered one of the greatest Portuguese writers of the 20th century. He wrote poe ...

, Branquinho da Fonseca and Edmundo de Bettencourt, in 1930, Adolfo Casais Monteiro was director of the

Coimbra Coimbra (, also , , or ) is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The population of the municipality at the 2011 census was 143,397, in an area of . The fourth-largest urban area in Portugal after Lisbon, Porto Metropolitan Area, Porto, and Bra ...

's literary journal '' Presença (journal)'', with

José Régio José Maria dos Reis Pereira, better known by the pen name José Régio (17 September 1901, Vila do Conde – 22 December 1969, Vila do Conde), was a Portuguese writer who spent most of his life in Portalegre (1929 to 1962). He was the brother ...

and

João Gaspar Simões João is the Portuguese language, Portuguese equivalent of the given name John (given name), John. The diminutive is Joãozinho (disambiguation), Joãozinho and the Feminine (grammar), feminine is Joana. It is widespread in Portuguese-speaking c ...

. This journal published the political views of Casais Monteiro until it ceased publication in 1940. He was arrested several times due to his political opinions adverse to the Estado Novo regime and directed anonymously the weekly ''

Mundo Literário ''Mundo literário: semanário de crítica e informação literária, científica e artística'' (Portuguese for "World Literature") was a Portuguese review published in Lisbon from 1946 to 1948. The seminary's weekly director-general was Jaime ...

'' in 1936 e 1937. Prevented from teaching, Casais Monteiro goes to

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

, living as literary author, translator and editor. As

Jorge de Sena Jorge Cândido Alves Rodrigues Telles Grilo Raposo de Abreu de Sena (2 November 1919 – 4 June 1978) was a Portuguese-born poet, critic, essayist, novelist, dramatist, translator and university professor who spent the latter portion of his life ...

, he would eventually leave to

, due to his opposition to Estado Novo, which he could not accept. He also directed the journal ''Princípio'' (1930) and collaborated with the journals ''Sudoeste'' (1935) and ''Variante'' (1942–43). Having participated in the celebrations of the 4th centenary of Cidade de São Paulo, in 1954, Adolfo Casais Monteiro fixed residence in

, teaching since then

Portuguese Literature Portuguese literature is, generally speaking, literature written in the Portuguese language, particularly by citizens of Portugal; it may also refer to literature written by people living in Portugal, Brazil, Angola and Mozambique, and other P ...

in several Brazilian universities, namely at Universidade da Bahia in

Salvador Salvador, meaning "salvation" (or "saviour") in Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese may refer to: * Salvador (name) Arts, entertainment, and media Music *Salvador (band), a Christian band that plays both English and Spanish music ** ''Salvador'' ( ...

, till fixed in 1962 at

Universidade Estadual Paulista The Universiade is an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU). The name is a portmanteau of the words "University" and "Olympiad". The Universiade is referred t ...

(UNESP), Campus de Araraquara-SP. He wrote by then several essays and wrote as literary critic for several Brazilian newspapers, having contributed to the study of

Fernando Pessoa Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa (; 13 June 1888 – 30 November 1935) was a Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic, translator, publisher, and philosopher, described as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and ...

and the Movimento da Presença. Among his translation works is ''

Germania Germania ( ; ), also called Magna Germania (English: ''Great Germania''), Germania Libera (English: ''Free Germania''), or Germanic Barbaricum to distinguish it from the Roman province of the same name, was a large historical region in north- ...

'', de

Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historiography, Roman historians by modern scholars. The surviving portions of his t ...

, published in 1941. His only novel, ''Adolescentes'' (Teenagers), was published in 1945. His poetic work, which began in 1929 with "Confusão", was influenced by the first Portuguese modernism, approaching stylistically the aestheticism of

André Gide André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (in 1947). Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the Symbolism (arts), symbolist movement, to the advent o ...

.João Mendes- "Adolfo Casais Monteiro", "Enciclopédia Verbo Luso-Brasileira da Cultura", volume XX, Setembro de 2001. Their criticisms of concreteness were based on the idea that this aesthetic movement promoted impersonality, starting from the "'purest abstractions'' to build a '' new language to the service of nothing, a pure language, an invention of objects - in short: a beautiful toy". "While some authors describe it as independent of

Surrealism Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to l ...

others emphasize the influence that this had on the author's current aesthetic, as can be seen in his essays on authors such as

Jules Supervielle Jules Supervielle (16 January 1884 – 17 May 1960) was a Franco-Uruguayan poet and writer born in Montevideo. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times. He opposed the surrealism movement in poetry and rejected automatic wri ...

Henri Michaux Henri Michaux (; 24 May 1899 – 19 October 1984) was a Belgian-born French poet, writer and painter. Michaux is renowned for his strange, highly original poetry and prose, and also for his art: the Paris Museum of Modern Art and the Guggenheim ...

and

Antonin Artaud Antoine Marie Joseph Paul Artaud, better known as Antonin Artaud (; 4 September 1896 – 4 March 1948), was a French writer, poet, dramatist, visual artist, essayist, actor and theatre director. He is widely recognized as a major figure of the E ...

(designating the latter as '' unsustainable presence ''). Much of his poetry is dedicated to the specific historical period in which he lived, as in the poe
"Europa"
de 1945, which was read by his friend and colleague

António Pedro António Pedro da Costa (9 December 1909, in Portuguese Cape Verde, Santiago, Praia – 17 August 1966, in Caminha, Moledo, Portugal) was a Portuguese painter, potter, journalist and writer. Biography He was born to a prominent colonial family f ...

in '' Literary World '' at the microphones of London

BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board ex ...

. Married Mary Alice Pereira Gomes, also a writer and sister of

Soeiro Pereira Gomes Joaquim Soeiro Pereira Gomes (14 April 1909 – 5 December 1949) was a Portuguese writer of realist influence and became one of the major names of Portuguese literature of the 20th century. Pereira Gomes is, along with Alves Redol, the bigge ...

, with whom he had a son.

Works

Poetry

* Confusão - 1929 * Correspondência de Família (with

Ribeiro Couto Ribeiro is a surname common in Galicia, Portugal and Brazil. It is also a wine-making region of Southeast central Galicia. In Portuguese, it literally means "small creek" or "by the river". In Galicia the surname was often Castilianized as ''Riveiro ...

) - 1933 * Poemas do Tempo Incerto - 1934 * Sempre e Sem Fim - 1937 * Versos (comprises the 3 previous books) - 1944 * Canto da Nossa Agonia - 1942 * Noite Aberta aos Quatro Ventos - 1943 * Europa - 1946 * Simples Canções da Terra - 1949 * Voo sem Pássaro Dentro - 1954 * Poesias Escolhidas - 1960 * Poesias Completas - 1969

Novel

* Adolescentes - 1945

Translation

* A Educação Sentimental -

Gustave Flaubert Gustave Flaubert ( , , ; 12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist. Highly influential, he has been considered the leading exponent of literary realism in his country. According to the literary theorist Kornelije Kvas, "in Flauber ...

- Reedited b
Editora Nova Alexandria, 2009.

Essay

* Considerações Pessoais - 1935 * A Poesia de Ribeiro Couto - 1935 * A Poesia de

- 1938 * Sobre o Romance Contemporâneo - 1940 * De Pés Fincados na Terra - 1941 *

Manuel Bandeira Manuel Carneiro de Sousa Bandeira Filho (April 19, 1886 – October 13, 1968) was a Brazilian poet, literary critic, and translator, who wrote over 20 books of poetry and prose. Life and career Bandeira was born in Recife, Pernambuco. In 190 ...

- 1944 * O Romance e os seus Problemas - 1950 *

e a Crítica - 1952 *

, o Insincero Verídico - 1954 * Problemas da Crítica de Arte (A Crítica e a Arte Moderna) - 1956 * Estudos sobre a Poesia de

- 1958 * A Poesia da Presença (with un anthology) - 1959 * Clareza e Mistério da Crítica - 1961 * O Romance (Teoria e Crítica) - 1964 * A Palavra Essential - 1965 * A Literatura Popular em Verso no Brasil - 1965 * Estrutura e Autenticidade como Problemas da Teoria e da Crítica Literárias - 1968 * O País do Absurdo - 1974 * O que foi e o que não foi o Movimento da «Presença» - 1995 * Melancolia do Progresso - 2003

Epistolography

* Cartas Inéditas de

António Nobre António Pereira Nobre (16 August 1867 – 18 March 1900) was a Portuguese poet. His masterpiece, '' Só'' (Paris, 1892), was the only book he published. Life Northern Portugal Nobre was a member of a wealthy family. He was born in Porto, ...

(Introduction and notes from ACM) - 1933 * Cartas em Família - 2008 * Cartas a Sua Mãe - 2008

References

External links

Adolfo Casais Monteiro, Antigo Estudante da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141008043452/http://www.bnportugal.pt/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=271%3Acasais-monteiro&catid=3%3Aeventos-a-decorrer&Itemid=324 Adolfo Casais Monteiro: uma outra presença - mostra bibliográfica na Biblioteca Nacional, Lisboa, sem data]
Adolfo Casais Monteiro - Direcção-Geral do Livro e das Bibliotecas
{{DEFAULTSORT:Monteiro, Adolfo Casais 1908 births 1972 deaths Modernist poets People from Porto Portuguese essayists 20th-century Portuguese poets Portuguese male poets University of Porto alumni Male essayists 20th-century essayists 20th-century male writers