The adjunctura (russian: адъюнктура) is a military analogue of civilian

graduate school Postgraduate or graduate education refers to Academic degree, academic or professional degrees, certificates, diplomas, or other qualifications pursued by higher education, post-secondary students who have earned an Undergraduate education, un ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

, which allow commissioned officers to get

academic degree An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university. These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, usually including unde ...

of candidate of military sciences and be appointed to teaching and scientific positions in military educational and scientific research institutions.

History

In Soviet era

Adjunctura was established in 1938. Its main use was the preparation of teaching and scientific staff for

Soviet Armed Forces The Soviet Armed Forces, the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union and as the Red Army (, Вооружённые Силы Советского Союза), were the armed forces of the Russian SFSR (1917–1922), the Soviet Union (1922–1991), and th ...

from among commissioned officers. The period of studying was 3 years. The upper age limit for entry was 35 years. Applicants were supposed to have 2 years active duty service experience as commissioned officers at least. However, rules also permitted to entry adjunctura immediately after graduation from higher military school, for graduates "who have demonstrated a propensity for researches". For admission, applicants had to pass entry exams. In opinion of Mikryukov, the enrollment to adjunctura immediately after graduation from higher military schools was bad and corruptive practice because most of such applicants were protégés of senior officials. Theses of adjuncts were classified quite often, and a searching for information in the process of the preparation of the theses by itself was classified quite often too. This situation had its impact on the result of the educational process - many theses were divorced from reality of modern war and were not based on advanced military-technical developments. This situation was criticized. For example,

Minister of Defence of Soviet Union The Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union refers to the head of the Ministry of Defence who was responsible for defence of the socialist Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1917 to 1922 and the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1992. Peo ...

Georgy Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov ( rus, Георгий Константинович Жуков, p=ɡʲɪˈorɡʲɪj kənstɐnʲˈtʲinəvʲɪtɕ ˈʐukəf, a=Ru-Георгий_Константинович_Жуков.ogg; 1 December 1896 – ...

used to get acquainted with many theses personally and demanded to change the approach to post-grade military education through providing adjuncts with access to archives and developments of military research institutes.

In post-Soviet era

Until 1999, the training of teaching and scientific staff in

Russian Armed Forces The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (, ), commonly referred to as the Russian Armed Forces, are the military forces of Russia. In terms of active-duty personnel, they are the world's fifth-largest military force, with at least two m ...

was regulated by

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

legal acts (namely, the

orders of 1989 №80 and of 1990 №249). These legal acts were replaced by the Minister of Defence of Russia Order of 15 July 1999 №310. By and large, this Order kept the

system of adjunctura. This Order was cancelled by the Order of 9 March 2016 №118. New legal regulation was approved by the Minister of Defence of Russia Order of 18 January 2016 №6. New regulation replaced the upper age limit for admission by the expected number of years of active duty service after graduation until general upper age limit for tenure. The possibility to entry adjunctura immediately after graduation from higher military school was cancelled.

Enrollment

Commissioned officer An officer is a person who holds a position of authority as a member of an armed force or uniformed service. Broadly speaking, "officer" means a commissioned officer, a non-commissioned officer, or a warrant officer. However, absent context ...

wishing to become adjunct should submit an application until 1 February of the calendar year of expected admission. An applicant shall comply with the entry requirements illustrated below Eligible applicants are permitted to sit for entry exams which include exam in special discipline, exam in

philosophy Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...

, exam in foreign language. Admission is conducted on the competitive basis, priority is given to applicants, ceteris paribus, achieving highest marks on special discipline. Officers passed the competitive selection are enrolled in adjunctura by the Minister of Defence of Russia order.

Educational process

The classes start on 1 September of the calendar year of the admission. Each adjunct has an individual

curriculum In education, a curriculum (; : curricula or curriculums) is broadly defined as the totality of student experiences that occur in the educational process. The term often refers specifically to a planned sequence of instruction, or to a view ...

and scientific supervisor. The program provides for studying and examinations in history and philosophy of science, in foreign language and in special discipline. Also each adjunct should prepare a

thesis A thesis ( : theses), or dissertation (abbreviated diss.), is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings.International Standard ISO 7144: ...

. The

thesis defense A thesis ( : theses), or dissertation (abbreviated diss.), is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings.International Standard ISO 7144: ...

is held on a dissertation council. Adjuncts get academic degree of candidate of sciences after successful defense.

After finishing adjunctura

Officers An officer is a person who has a position of authority in a hierarchical organization. The term derives from Old French ''oficier'' "officer, official" (early 14c., Modern French ''officier''), from Medieval Latin ''officiarius'' "an officer," fro ...

who have successfully finished the adjunctura are appointed to positions by the Minister of Defence of Russia order.

References

External links

List of Russian military educational institutions conducting the programme of adjunctura
Postgraduate schools Military education and training in the Soviet Union Military education and training in Russia {{russia-stub