Adjud (; hu, Egyedhalma) is a

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

Vrancea County Vrancea () is a county ( județ) in Romania, with its seat at Focșani. It is mostly in the historical region of Moldavia but the southern part, below the Milcov River, is in Muntenia. Demographics In 2011, it had a population of 340,310 and ...

, Western Moldavia, Romania. It has a population of 14,670 inhabitants (2011). It lies at a railway junction which has a classification yard and a passenger station. Adjud, situated north of the point where the river

Trotuș The Trotuș ( hu, Tatros) is a river in eastern Romania, a right tributary of the river Siret (river), Siret. It emerges from the Ciuc Mountains in the Eastern Carpathians and joins the Siret in Domnești-Sat near Adjud after passing through Comă ...

enters the Siret, used to be a marketplace. The city administers three villages: Adjudu Vechi, Burcioaia and Șișcani.

Geography

Adjud is situated on a plain and is surrounded by hills up to a height of 400 meters at the foot of the southern Carpathians. The average altitude of the town is 100 m

above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''. The comb ...

. The surrounding land is favorable for agriculture. Geological research findings show the city's subsoil having layers of gravel and sand Levantine and Quaternary, forming significant hydrological aquifers deposits fed by the

and Siret rivers and direct rainfalls. The climate is temperate with annual average temperature of 8- and an average rainfall of 500 mm / m a year. It is characterized by prevailing northwinds with winds from the south and south-east in the hot season. Due to its location at the junction of the provinces Moldavia, Wallachia and Transylvania, it has been an important road and railway junction since ancient times. The town's area was of 5911 ha in 1997, out of which 105 ha was covered by buildings and yards.

History

Monumentul Primului Război Mondial (1916-1918)

In the northern part of the town a settlement from the Bronze Age was discovered, which dates roughly from the second millennium BC and belongs to

Monteoru culture The Monteoru culture was a Bronze Age archaeological culture located in Romania and Moldova, dating from c. 2000 BC to the 14th century BC. It was derived from the preceding Glina-Schneckenberg culture and succeeded by the Noua-Sabatinovka cul ...

. Geto- Dacian vestiges of 5th century BC were also found here. The first mention of the town is made by its Hungarian name Egyedhalma (“in oppido nostro ''Egydhalm''” meaning "in our city ''Gilles’ Hill''") in a Latin language document from 1433, where Iliaș of Moldavia granted commercial privileges to

Transylvanian Saxon The Transylvanian Saxons (german: Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen''; ro, Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni/transilvani; hu, Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania ...

merchants. The Romanian name of Adjud derives from the Hungarian one. The original name supports the idea that the town was established by Hungarian Csángós settled in Moldavia as part of a systematic Hungarian imperial policy to settle Hungarian and partly German population in places of strategic economic, commercial and military importance with the task to control and defend the eastern frontier of Hungary. The Battle of Adjud occurred here on October 14, 1788, during the

Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) The Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 involved an unsuccessful attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to the Russian Empire in the course of the previous Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). It took place concomitantly with the Austro ...

, pitting the armies of the Russian Empire and the

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...

(under the command of field marshal Baron Spleny von Mihald) against those of the Ottoman Empire. Adjud was declared a city in 1948. In 1950 it became the residence of Adjud district from Putna Region, then (after 1952) from

Bârlad Region Regiunea Bârlad (Bârlad Region) was one of the newly established (in 1950) administrative divisions of the People's Republic of Romania, copied after the Soviet style of territorial organisation. History The capital of the region was Bârlad, ...

and (after 1956) from the

Bacău Region Bacău Region (Regiunea Bacău) was one of the newly established (in 1950) administrative divisions of the People's Republic of Romania, copied after the Soviet style of territorial organisation. History The capital of the region was Bacău, an ...

. In 1968, it became a city of Vrancea County, while in 2000 Adjud was declared a municipality.

Population

According to the 2011 census, Adjud had a population of 14,670. The ethnic structure was: * Romanians: 13,734 (93.62%) *

Roma Roma or ROMA may refer to: Places Australia * Roma, Queensland, a town ** Roma Airport ** Roma Courthouse ** Electoral district of Roma, defunct ** Town of Roma, defunct town, now part of the Maranoa Regional Council *Roma Street, Brisbane, a ...

: 915 (6.23%) * Other ethnic groups: 0.09% As to religious makeup, most respondents were of the

Orthodox Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to: Religion * Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pag ...

religion (94.92%). The second largest community was the Roman Catholic one, 2.32% of the population. Pentecostals totaled 1.33% while other denominations were represented by less than 1%.

Road

Adjud municipality is crossed by National Road E 85 for a length of 11 km, from km 226 at the

Trotuș River The Trotuș ( hu, Tatros) is a river in eastern Romania, a right tributary of the river Siret. It emerges from the Ciuc Mountains in the Eastern Carpathians and joins the Siret in Domnești-Sat near Adjud after passing through Comănești and O ...

bridge up to km 237, running through downtown for a section of 3 km. It is also crossed by the national road 11A, from the agro-food market towards Onești– Bacău, for a length of 4 km from km 37 + 450 to km 33 + 450. National Road E 85 branches out to Adjudu Vechi, while 11A goes to Bârlad, from km 42 to 46, for a length of 4 km, running in the downtown area for a section of 1.5 km.

Notable persons

* Gheorghe Balș (1868–1934), engineer and art historian *

Dan Botta Dan Botta (; September 26, 1907 – January 13, 1958) was a Romanian poet and essayist. Life Born in Adjud, his parents were the physician Theodor Botta and his wife Aglaia (''née'' de Franceschi), an orphanage director; his brother was po ...

(1907–1958), poet, essayist *

Emil Botta Emil Botta (; 15 September 1911, Adjud – 24 July 1977, Bucharest) was a Romanian actor and writer. Together with Emil Cioran, Eugen Ionescu, and , he was a member of the literary group called ''Corabia cu ratați'' ("The Losers' Ship"). Bo ...

(1911–1977), poet, writer and actor, brother of Dan Botta * Minodora Cliveti (1955), politician *

Elena Dan Elena "Nina" Dan (née Burlacu, 1967–1996) was a Romanian opera singer. Biography Elena Burlacu was born in 1967 in Adjud, Romania. She was the younger sister and only sibling of Angela Gheorghiu. She joined Angela at the music boarding schoo ...

(1967–1996), opera singer * Ion Dichiseanu (1933-2021), actor * Angela Gheorghiu (1965), soprano * Nelly Miricioiu (1952), soprano

References

External links

Municipality website
{{Authority control Populated places in Vrancea County Localities in Western Moldavia Cities in Romania Dacian towns