Adelaide of Savoy (german: Adelheid von Turin; c.1050/2 – 1079), a member of the Burgundian House of Savoy, was

Duchess of Swabia Duchess of Alamannia * Daughter of Theodo of Bavaria, wife of Duke Gotfrid * Hereswind, wife of Duke Hnabi Queen of Alamannia Carolingian dynasty, 876–882 Duchess of Swabia Hunfriding dynasty, 909–911 Ahalolfing dynasty, 915–917 *Non ...

from about 1062 until 1079 by her marriage with

Rudolf of Rheinfelden Rudolf of Rheinfelden ( – 15 October 1080) was Duke of Swabia from 1057 to 1079. Initially a follower of his brother-in-law, the Salian emperor Henry IV, his election as German anti-king in 1077 marked the outbreak of the Great Saxon Revolt an ...

, who also was elected German

anti-king An anti-king, anti king or antiking (german: Gegenkönig; french: antiroi; cs, protikrál) is a would-be king who, due to succession disputes or simple political opposition, declares himself king in opposition to a reigning monarch. OED "Anti-, ...

in 1077.

Biography

Adelaide's parents were Count

Otto of Savoy Otto (french: Odon, Oddon, Othon; it, Oddone; /1060) was count of Savoy from around 1051 until his death. Through marriage to Adelaide, the heiress of Ulric Manfred II, he also administered the march of Susa from around 1046 until his deat ...

and his wife

Adelaide of Susa Adelaide of Turin (also ''Adelheid'', ''Adelais'', or ''Adeline''; – 19 December 1091) was the countess of part of the March of Ivrea and the marchioness of Turin in Northwestern Italy from 1034 to her death. She was the last of the Ardui ...

from the

Arduinici The Arduinici were a noble Frankish family that immigrated to Italy in the early tenth century, possibly from Neustria. They were descended from and take their name after one Arduin (Harduoin). The first of the Arduinici to enter Italy was Roger ...

noble family. Her maternal grandparents were Margrave Ulric Manfred II of Turin and

Bertha of Milan Bertha of Milan or Bertha of Luni (c. 997-c. 1040), was a duchess of Turin by marriage to Ulric Manfred II of Turin, and regent for her daughter Adelaide of Susa in 1033. She is sometimes identified with the Bertha who was married to Arduin of Ivr ...

. Adelaide was the younger sister of

Bertha of Savoy Bertha of Savoy (21 September 1051 – 27 December 1087), also called Bertha of Turin, was Queen of Germany from 1066 and Holy Roman Empress from 1084 until 1087 as the first wife of Emperor Henry IV. Life Bertha of Savoy was a daughter ...

, who was betrothed to the future king

Henry IV of Germany Henry IV (german: Heinrich IV; 11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105, King of Germany from 1054 to 1105, King of Italy and Burgundy from 1056 to 1105, and Duke of Bavaria from 1052 to 1054. He was the son o ...

in 1055. According to the ''

Europäische Stammtafeln ''Europäische Stammtafeln'' - German for ''European Family Trees'' - is a series of twenty-nine books which contain sets of genealogical tables of the most influential families of Medieval European history. It is a standard reference work for thos ...

'' genealogy, she first was married to Count Guigues I of Albon, though this assumption seems highly unlikely. Actually Adelaide, around 1060/62 and aged about ten, married the Swabian duke

. In 1069 Rudolf attempted to repudiate Adelaide for an alleged affair with Count Werner of Habsburg. In 1071 Adelaide cleared herself of the accusation of adultery in the presence of Pope Alexander II. Rudolf was required to reconcile with Adelaide. At the same time, Henry IV attempted to repudiate her sister Bertha, also without success. In 1077, an assembly of revolting German princes elected Rudolf anti-king. He was crowned by Archbishop

Siegfried I of Mainz Siegfried I (died 16 February 1084) was the Abbot of Fulda from 25 December 1058 until 6 January 1060, and from January 1060 until his death in February 1084, he was Archbishop of Mainz. Family Siegfried was a member of the Frankish Reginbodone ...

on March 26, with Adelaide as his consort. When the

Great Saxon Revolt The Great Saxon Revolt was a civil war fought between 1077 and 1088, early in the history of the Holy Roman Empire. The revolt was led by a group of opportunistic German princes who elected as their figurehead the duke of Swabia, Rudolf of Rh ...

broke out, Adelaide remained in Swabia, defending her husband's lands, whilst Rudolf campaigned against Henry IV in Saxony.Bernold, ''Chronicon'', a.1077, 289

Meyer von Knonau, ''Jahrbücher'', III, pp. 38f.
/ref> Adelaide died during the Easter period of 1079, apart from her husband at

Hohentwiel Hohentwiel is an extinct volcano in the Hegau region of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany The mountain is west of the city of Singen and 20 miles (30 km) from Lake Constance. Hohentwiel began forming, along with the chain of vol ...

Castle. She was buried in the monastery of St. Blasien.

Issue

With Rudolf, Adelaide had at least four children: *

Agnes of Rheinfelden Agnes of Rheinfelden (*; † 19 December 1111) was the daughter of Rudolf of Rheinfelden, and the wife of Berthold II of Zähringen, Duke of Swabia. Life Agnes was the daughter of Rudolf von Rheinfelden, duke of Swabia, and anti-king of Germa ...

, married

Berthold II of Zähringen Berthold II ( – 12 April 1111), also known as Berchtold II, was the Duke of Swabia from 1092 to 1098. After he conceded the Duchy of Swabia to the Staufer in 1098, the title of "Duke of Zähringen" was created for him, in use from c. 1100 and c ...

* Adelaide of Rheinfelden, married King

Ladislaus I of Hungary Ladislaus I ( hu, László, hr, Ladislav, sk, Ladislav, pl, Władysław; 1040 – 29 July 1095), also known as Saint Ladislas, was King of Hungary from 1077 and King of Croatia from 1091. He was the second son of King Béla I of Hungary and ...

* Bertha of Rheinfelden, Countess of Kellmünz, married

Ulrich X, Count of Bregenz Ulrich X (also called Ulric or Udalrich) ( –1097) was Count of Bregenz from 1079 to his death in 1097. Life Ulrich X was the son of Ulrich IX of Bregenz (d. 1079). In late 1080 or early 1081 Ulrich married Bertha of Rheinfelden, daughter ...

* Otto (died young) * Berthold of Rheinfelden (disputed)

Notes

References

*E. Hlawitschka, ‘Zur Herkunft und zu den Seitenverwandten des Gegenkönigs Rudolf,’ in ''Die Salier und das Reich'', I, pp. 175–220 *H. Bresslau, ''Jahrbücher des Deutschen Reichs unter Konrad II.'', 2 vols. (1884), accessible online at
archive.org
* C.W. Previté-Orton, ''The Early History of the House of Savoy (1000-1233)'' (Cambridge, 1912), accessible online at:
archive.org
*Bernold of Constance, ''Chronicon'', i

* G. Meyer von Knonau, ''Jahrbücher des Deutschen Reiches unter Heinrich IV und Heinrich V,'' 7 vols (Leipzig, 1890-1909).

External links

*[http://www.manfred-hiebl.de/genealogie-mittelalter/deutschland_koenige_2/adelheid_deutsche_koenigin_1079_savoyen_rheinfelden/adelheid_von_turin_deutsche_koenigin_+_1079.html Adelheid von Turin, deutsche Königin] (in German) {{DEFAULTSORT:Adelaide of Savoy, Duchess of Swabia Nobility from Turin People from Lombardy 11th-century Italian nobility Duchesses of Swabia 11th-century Italian women Women in 11th-century warfare Year of birth uncertain 1079 deaths Women in war in Italy 11th-century people from Savoy House of Savoy