Adam Mickiewicz Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (; 24 December 179826 November 1855) was a Polish poet, dramatist, essayist, publicist, translator and political activist. He is regarded as national poet in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. A principal figure in Polish Ro ...

Alley is one of the main streets of downtown district in

Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz ( , , ; german: Bromberg) is a city in northern Poland, straddling the meeting of the River Vistula with its left-bank tributary, the Brda. With a city population of 339,053 as of December 2021 and an urban agglomeration with more ...

, where several buildings are registered on the

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, also known as Cuiavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship or simply Kujawsko-Pomorskie, or Kujawy-Pomerania Province ( pl, województwo kujawsko-pomorskie ) is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divide ...

Heritage List. Bdg Mickiewicza 4 07-2013

Location

The street links Gdańska Street to Józef Weyssenhoff Square. Its northern frontage is a set of tenements and villas built in the first decade of the 20th century. On the southern side are located the Polish Theatre and

Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who established poetic patterns that would become integral to the Polish literary language. He is commonly regarded as the greatest Polish poet before Adam Mickiewicz. Li ...

Park.

Naming

* 1906–1920, Bülowstraße, after

Bernhard von Bülow Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin, Prince of Bülow (german: Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin Fürst von Bülow ; 3 May 1849 – 28 October 1929) was a German statesman who served as the foreign minister for three years and then as the chancellor of t ...

; * 1920–1939, Aleje Adama Mickiewicza after

; * 1939–1945, Felix-Dahn-Straße, after

Felix Dahn Felix Dahn (9 February 1834 – 3 January 1912) was a German law professor, German nationalism, German nationalist author, poet and historian. Biography Ludwig Julius Sophus Felix Dahn was born in Hamburg as the oldest son of Friedrich (1811–1 ...

; * Since 1945, Aleje Adama Mickiewicza

History

Adam Mickiewicz Alley

Adam Mickiewicz Alley has been laid out in 1903, in the conditions of an urban development of the eastern area of Gdańska Street called "Hempelscher Felde":Jastrzębska-Puzowska, Iwona: Od miasteczka do metropolii. Rozwój architektoniczny i urbanistyczny Bydgoszczy w latach 1850-1920. Wydawnictwo MADO. Toruń 2005. , 978-83-89886-38-5 this plot was bought in the 1890s by the municipality to develop its urban plans based on a garden city concept developed by Hermann Stübben. The highlight of the whole project was the ''Bülow street'', then one of the most beautiful and widest thoroughfare of the city. It comprised a dual carriageway starting from Dantziger strasse, running eastward. The perspective was particularly taken care of, emphasized by a row of trees, with stretched garlands of vines.Bręczewska-Kulesza Daria, Derkowska-Kostkowska Bogna, Wysocka A., inni Ulica Gdańska. Przewodnik historyczny, Bydgoszcz 2003 At the same time, the Ossolińscy street, continuation of the axis from Weyssenhoff square, was defined in its main features. The northern frontage of Adam Mickiewicz Alley has been conceived from 1903 to 1907 as an homogeneous complex of Berlin

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau (; ) is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. The style is known by different names in different languages: in German, in Italian, in Catalan, and also known as the Modern ...

tenements, similar to what has been erected at the same time in

Dworcowa Street Dworcowa Street is one of the main streets of Bydgoszcz, in Downtown district ( pl, Śródmieście). Many of its buildings are registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List. Across the street, between Warmia and Marcinkowskiego ...

(Nr.45, 47, 49). In 1910, an addition to the frontage, consisting of villas and houses has been erected. The perspective of the street to the east has been closed by the building of the Institute of Agriculture (Ger. ''Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Landwirtschaft''), then the first high school scientific department in

Bromberg Bydgoszcz ( , , ; german: Bromberg) is a city in northern Poland, straddling the meeting of the River Vistula with its left-bank tributary, the Brda. With a city population of 339,053 as of December 2021 and an urban agglomeration with more ...

. In 1949, the Polish Theatre has been completed, standing at the intersection with 20 January 1920 Street. In 1960, the Archer Statue has been moved from Theatre square to

Park. Most of the facade decorations and

relief Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces are bonded to a solid background of the same material. The term ''relief'' is from the Latin verb ''relevo'', to raise. To create a sculpture in relief is to give the impression that the ...

s have been deteriorated by lack of treatment during the post-war years. The street has undergone a gradual revitalization after 1990. Between 2002 and 2009, all street facades have been was renovated, and, when possible, restored with their original decorations.

Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who established poetic patterns that would become integral to the Polish literary language. He is commonly regarded as the greatest Polish poet before Adam Mickiewicz. Li ...
Park

This green estate runs on the southern side of Adam Mickiewicz Alley, between January 20, 1920 street on the west and Ignac Paderewski street on the east, extending to the south till the

Pomeranian Philharmonic , native_name_lang = , image = File:Bdg Filharmonia fr 1 07-2013.jpg , image_size = 300px , image_alt = Pomeranian Philharmonic Bydgoszcz , image_caption = Pomeranian Philharmonic in Bydgoszcz , coor ...

. File:Bdg Luczniczka widziel 4 07-2013.jpg, "The Archer" by Ferdinand Lepcke, author also of the

Deluge Fountain The Deluge Fountain is a monumental sculpture fountain which has stood with all its elements between 1904 and 1943 and since 2014 in Bydgoszcz. Throughout the first time of its existence (39 years) and since its rebuilding, the fountain has always ...

File:Bdg parkKochanowskiego a 4 10-2013.jpg, "The Archer" with the Polski theatre in the background File:Bdg pomnikSienkiewicza 07-2013.jpg, Monument to

Henryk Sienkiewicz Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz ( , ; 5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916), also known by the pseudonym Litwos (), was a Polish writer, novelist, journalist and Nobel Prize laureate. He is best remembered for his historical novels, especi ...

File:Bdg Luczniczka noc fr 07-2013.jpg, "The Archer" by night

Architecture

Frontages on Mickiewicz alley (Nr.1 to 9) compose a complex of townhouses inscribed in the German variant of

architecture (Ger. "Jugendstil"). Predominant forms evoke quietness, through varied

bay window A bay window is a window space projecting outward from the main walls of a building and forming a bay in a room. Types Bay window is a generic term for all protruding window constructions, regardless of whether they are curved or angular, or r ...

s, divided

balconies A balcony (from it, balcone, "scaffold") is a platform projecting from the wall of a building, supported by columns or Corbel, console brackets, and enclosed with a balustrade, usually above the ground floor. Types The traditional Malta, Malte ...

and

loggia In architecture, a loggia ( , usually , ) is a covered exterior gallery or corridor, usually on an upper level, but sometimes on the ground level of a building. The outer wall is open to the elements, usually supported by a series of columns ...

s integrating wavy lines, wavy

gable A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system used, which reflects climate, material availability, and aesth ...

s, vaulted windows and

portal Portal often refers to: * Portal (architecture), an opening in a wall of a building, gate or fortification, or the extremities (ends) of a tunnel Portal may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Gaming * ''Portal'' (series), two video games ...

s. Decoration combines organic themes with geometric forms, like rectangular and square shapes, grouped in series and

frieze In architecture, the frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be plain in the Ionic or Doric order, or decorated with bas-reliefs. Paterae are also usually used to decorate friezes. Even when neither columns nor ...

s. The ensemble reminds also

Baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...

style at by applying domes

avant-corps An ''avant-corps'' ( it, avancorpo or , plural , german: Risalit, pl, ryzalit), a French term literally meaning "fore-body", is a part of a building, such as a porch or pavilion, that juts out from the ''corps de logis'', often taller than othe ...

and towers topped with

peaks Peak or The Peak may refer to: Basic meanings Geology * Mountain peak ** Pyramidal peak, a mountaintop that has been sculpted by erosion to form a point Mathematics * Peak hour or rush hour, in traffic congestion * Peak (geometry), an (''n''-3)-di ...

. The architects who designed those buildings were all inspired by Berlin architecture, "en vogue" at the time: * Rudolf Kern who built also tenements in Gdańska Street at 5, N67, 66/68, 71; * Erich Lindenburger who constructed also in

(Nr.41,43,45,47); * Paul Böhm who realized houses on

August Cieszkowski Street in Bydgoszcz August Cieszkowski Street belongs to architecturally remarkable streets of Bydgoszcz, with its Art Nouveau features from the Fin de siècle period, forming a homogeneous complex of tenements from the end of 19th-century beginnining of 20th century ...

at Nr.1 and 3; * Otto Rosenthal; * Józef Święcicki, known for its dozens of realization in Gdańska Street. For almost the entire post-war period, tenements have been property of the state. In 1990, the city of

owned them back, but at the time, they were falling into disrepair as a result of underinvestment, lack of maintenance and general neglect of

monuments. Buildings have been restored after 2002.

Main places and buildings

Rudolf Kern Building , image = Mickiewicza 1 róg Gdańskiej zabytek.jpg , image_alt = Tenement from Gdańska Street , image_caption = Tenement from Gdańska Street , map_type = , map_alt = , map_caption ...
at 1, corner with Gdańska Street

Registered on

heritage list, Nr.601377-Reg.A/1086 (November 20, 1995)zabytek, kujawsko-pomorskie, issued=1.03.2014 1903–1904, by

Rudolf Kern Rudolf Kern was an important designer and builder in Bydgoszcz, at the end of the Prussian period of the city. Most his works have been realized between 1903 and 1914. His artistic style relates to Art Nouveau and Modernism. Life Rudolf Kern alle ...

Gminna Ewidencja Zabytków Miasta Bydgoszczy. :Program Opieki nad Zabytkami miasta Bydgoszczy na lata 2013-2016

The tenement has been designed by the architect Rudolf Kern, a student of Józef Święcicki, for his own use, private and business: he has lived there until 1922. File:Bydgoszcz, dom, 1903-1904 e.JPG, View from Mickiewicz Alley File:Mickiewicza 1 róg Gdańskiej wieża.jpg, Detail of the peak File:Gdanska Mickiewicz detail3.JPG, The ornamented gate

Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz, at 2

1948–1949, by Alfons Licznerski

Modern architecture Modern architecture, or modernist architecture, was an architectural movement or architectural style based upon new and innovative technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete; the idea that form ...

Hieronim Konieczka Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz is the largest and best known

theatre Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The perform ...

of the city. It is set at Nr.2. Current director is Paweł Wodziński. File:Bydgoszcz Teatr Polski.jpg, View from Mickiewicz Alley File:Bdg TeatrPolski 2 07-2013.jpg, Main entry File:Park Kochanowskiego - teatr wiosna.jpg, View from

Park

Tenement at 3

1904–1905, by Erich Lindenburger

The building was originally commissioned by a merchant, Georg Woodtke. Characteristic features are the adorned

and decorative

; the façade has pilaster strips which accentuates vertical divisions.

Bay window A bay window is a window space projecting outward from the main walls of a building and forming a bay in a room. Types Bay window is a generic term for all protruding window constructions, regardless of whether they are curved or angular, or r ...

s are divided with

s. This building is the seat of the Honorary consulate of

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...

. File:Bdg Mickiewicza3 2 07-2013.jpg, View of the frontage from Mickiewicz Alley File:Bdg Mickiewicza3 3 07-2013.jpg, Detail of the tinned roofed

File:Kamienica Mickiewicza 3 - portal.jpg, Grandiose front gate File:Kamienica Mickiewicza 3 - zdobienia nad portalem.jpg, Front gate top

House at 4, corner with Paderewskiego street

1906-1908

This building displays highly decorated balconies and

s. The roof boasts eyelid dormers. File:Kamienica al Mickiewicza.jpg, View of the frontage from Mickiewicz Alley File:Fragment secesyjnej kamienicy na Al.Mickiewicza 4 w Bydgoszczy.JPG, Detail of portal and

File:Secesyjna kamienica na Al.Mickiewicza 4 w Bydgoszczy-wykusz,wieżyczka.JPG, Detail of the

with eyelid dormer

House at 5

Registered on

heritage list, Nr.601378, Reg.A/1081 (December 21, 1994) 1906, by

The tenement was first ordered by Adolf Berger, a merchant. Less adorned than its neighbours, this building displays anyhow the same Art Nouveau grandeur, with

s and

s, as well as a curved top frontage and

dormer A dormer is a roofed structure, often containing a window, that projects vertically beyond the plane of a pitched roof. A dormer window (also called ''dormer'') is a form of roof window. Dormers are commonly used to increase the usable space ...

s on the

. File:Bydgoszcz, dom, 1906 e.JPG, View of the frontage from Mickiewicz Alley File:Dom, 1906 Bydgoszcz, Al. Mickiewicza 5 (10).JPG, The house and its flanking neighbours

Rosenthal building at 7

Registered on

heritage list, Nr.601379, Reg.A/1082 (January 10, 1995) 1904–1905, by

The tenement was commissioned by the brothers Rosentjal, Otto and Theodor, who also co-developed the project. Nr.7 looks like a mirrored shape of Nr.5, underlying the seal of the same

architect. Frontage adornament is much richer, with

and

s topped by helmet-style roof. File:Dom, 1904-1905 Bydgoszcz, Al. Mickiewicza 7 (9).JPG, View of the frontage from Mickiewicz Alley File:Kamienica Mickiewicza 7 - detal.jpg, Detail of the roof File:Gate at Mickiewicz alley Bydgoszcz.JPG, Gate at Nr.7

Tenement at 9

Registered on

heritage list, Nr.601380-Reg.A/855 (August 28, 1985) 1905–1906, by

The house was built by Bydgoszcz architect Rudolf Kern so as to establish the first private music school in the city, the Conservatoire of

(german: Bromberger Konservatorium der Musik). The school was founded in 1904 on the initiative of Arnold Schattschneider and was originally located at Gdańska Street 24, (german: Dantzigerstrasse 158). The space in the building was soon too scarce, and decision was made to build a new edifice at Adam Mickiewicz Alley, using the opportunity of the urban development of the "Hempelscher Feldethe" area. Construction lasted from December 1905 to October 1906 when an opening concert took place for the opening of the new school premises. The building displays

style, using rich decorative forms. The facade is balanced with vertical and horizontal lines as well as

having each their own designed railing. The main entrance had two doors: one leading to the staircase to the conservatoroire, the other going to private spaces for the landlord and the school headmaster. Inside, the school housed classrooms, instruments, an extensive library and a concert hall with Neo-Baroque features. In the concert hall was organized symphonic concerts, chamber music events, concerts of students and monthly subscription concerts. In smaller venues were classes for piano, violin, cello and choral singing. Teachers of the conservatoire came from

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth larg ...

Regensburg Regensburg or is a city in eastern Bavaria, at the confluence of the Danube, Naab and Regen rivers. It is capital of the Upper Palatinate subregion of the state in the south of Germany. With more than 150,000 inhabitants, Regensburg is the f ...

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

and

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...

, classes comprised Germans and Poles. Wilhelm von Winterfeld, second director since 1914, had the school moved in the early 1930s to larger premises at Gdańska Street, 54 (from where it moved again to Gdańska Street 71 in 1939). The interiors of the building in Adam Mickiewicz Alley have been entirely rebuilt to turn classrooms and auditorium into flats. In 2002-2004 a major renovation of the facade has been carried out, giving back to the frontage its original design that had been lost since the postwar period. File:Conservatoire 1906.jpg, Advert. for Bydgoszcz Music Conservatoire ca 1906 File:Mickiewicz 9 1915.jpg, View ca 1915, as "Bromberger Konservatorium" File:Kamienica Mickiewicza 9.jpg, Frontage view from the street File:Bydgoszcz- ornamenty secesyjne,dom na Al.Mickiewicza 9.JPG,

ornamentation above the portal File:Bdg Mickiewicza9 4 07-2013.jpg, Stucco decor of the top level File:Bdg Mickiewicza9 1 07-2013.jpg, Window's adornment

Corner house with January 20, 1920 street

Registered on

heritage list, Nr.601456-Reg.A/1080/1-2 (December 20, 1994) 1905-1906

This corner house is characterised by its towering peak topped with a

tin Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (from la, stannum) and atomic number 50. Tin is a silvery-coloured metal. Tin is soft enough to be cut with little force and a bar of tin can be bent by hand with little effort. When bent, t ...

roof. File:Mickiewicz corner 20 jan1920 -1914.jpg, View ca 1914 File:Bdg 20I1920 17 - Mickiewicza 1 07-2013.jpg, General view of both frontages File:Zespół domu Bydgoszcz, ul. 20 Stycznia 1920 r. 17 Mickiewicza (5).JPG, Facade on Mickiewicz Alley File:Zespół domu Bydgoszcz, ul. 20 Stycznia 1920 r. 17 Mickiewicza (21).JPG, Facade on January 20, 1920, street

Corner house with January 20, 1920 street

1903

This corner house displays also a nice adorned portal. File:Bdg 20I1920 2 - Mickiewicza 1 07-2013.jpg, General view of both frontages File:Bdg ul20stycznia1920 31 07-2013.jpg, Detailed view of facade decoration File:Bdg ul20stycznia1920 33 07-2013.jpg, Detail of the gate ornamentation

Villa at 11

1903–1904, by Ludwig Otto Wirpelius.

One of the few villas built during the initial development of the street. File:Bdg Mickiewicza 13.jpg, General view of the villa File:Detail Willa 11.JPG, Detail of a facade window

Villas at 13/15

Registered on

Heritage List, Nr.6601381-Reg. A/1067 (May 18, 1994) 1903–1904, by

One of the few villas built during the initial development of the street, both commissioned by Julius Berger, a merchant. During the

interwar period In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the World War I, First World War to the beginning of the World War II, Second World War. The in ...

, the villa at Nr.15 housed a clinic run by Dr. Staemmler., while in the house at Nr.13 lived Henryk Weynerowski and his family. File:Mickiewicz 13 1912.jpg, Villa at Nr.15 in 1912 File:Bdg Mickiewicza wille 1 07-2013.jpg, General view of villas File:Bydgoszcz-willa,Al. Mickiewicza 15.JPG, Facade of Villa at Nr.15 File:Detail Gate villa N13.JPG, Detail of the gate of villa at Nr.15

Villa Józef Święcicki at 17

1906 German

Historicism Historicism is an approach to explaining the existence of phenomena, especially social and cultural practices (including ideas and beliefs), by studying their history, that is, by studying the process by which they came about. The term is widely u ...

This villa was one of the buildings

's architect Józef Święcicki realized for himself (see also Józef Święcicki tenement in Bydgoszcz). File:Willa Święcickiego Mickiewicza 17.jpg, General view of the villa File:Gate of villa N17 Mickiewicz Bydgoszcz.JPG, Detail of the gate of Villa Józef Święcicki

Sculpture ''The awaking of the elves'' ( pl, Przebudzenie Elfów)

1906 The carve has been realized in the trunk of a dead tree in 2006, by Zbyszko Piwoński. The artist has realized other similar sculptures at Gdańska Street 30 - (''Woman with pigeons'', 2006 pl, Kobieta w gołębiach) and in Słowackiego Street - (''We'll be playing soon'', 2010 - pl, Zaraz zagramy). File:Sculpture tree1.jpg, ''The awaking of the elves'' File:Sculpture tree2.jpg, ''The awaking of the elves''

Corner house at 1 Paderewskiego street

1905-1908

This corner house displays typical tin roof above each of its

s. File:Bdg Mickiewicza 8 07-2013.jpg, General view of both frontages

Corner house at 10 Paderewskiego street

1905-1907

This corner house starts the series of frontages characteristic of Józef Weyssenhoff Square. File:Kamienica al Mickiewicza przy Pl Weyssenhoffa.jpg, General view of both frontages

References

External links

*
Site of Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz

Bibliography

* * * * * * * {{Bydgoszcz streets and squares Cultural heritage monuments in Bydgoszcz Streets and squares in Bydgoszcz Parks in Bydgoszcz Villas in Bydgoszcz Adam Mickiewicz

Location

Naming

History

Adam Mickiewicz Alley

Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who established poetic patterns that would become integral to the Polish literary language. He is commonly regarded as the greatest Polish poet before Adam Mickiewicz. Li ... Park

Architecture

Main places and buildings

Rudolf Kern Building , image = Mickiewicza 1 róg Gdańskiej zabytek.jpg , image_alt = Tenement from Gdańska Street , image_caption = Tenement from Gdańska Street , map_type = , map_alt = , map_caption ... at 1, corner with Gdańska Street

Polish Theatre in Bydgoszcz, at 2

Tenement at 3

House at 4, corner with Paderewskiego street

House at 5

Rosenthal building at 7

Tenement at 9

Corner house with January 20, 1920 street

Corner house with January 20, 1920 street

Villa at 11

Villas at 13/15

Villa Józef Święcicki at 17

Sculpture ''The awaking of the elves'' ( pl, Przebudzenie Elfów)

Corner house at 1 Paderewskiego street

Corner house at 10 Paderewskiego street

See also

References

External links

Bibliography

Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who established poetic patterns that would become integral to the Polish literary language. He is commonly regarded as the greatest Polish poet before Adam Mickiewicz. Li ...
Park

Rudolf Kern Building , image = Mickiewicza 1 róg Gdańskiej zabytek.jpg , image_alt = Tenement from Gdańska Street , image_caption = Tenement from Gdańska Street , map_type = , map_alt = , map_caption ...
at 1, corner with Gdańska Street