The Communist Party of Iran ( fa, حزب کمونیست ایران, Ḥezb-e komūnīst-e Iran) was an Iranian

communist party A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A ...

. Originally established as the Justice Party ( fa, فرقه عدالت, Ferqa'ye ʿEdālat) in 1917 by the former

social democrats Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote so ...

who supported

Baku Baku (, ; az, Bakı ) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. Baku is located below sea level, which makes it the lowest lying national capital in the world a ...

-based

Bolshevik The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...

s, it participated in

Third International The Communist International (Comintern), also known as the Third International, was a Soviet-controlled international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism. The Comintern resolved at its Second Congress to "struggle by a ...

in 1919 and was renamed "''Communist Party of Iran''" in 1920.

Haydar Khan e Amo-oghli Haydar Khan Amo-oghli or Haydar Khan Amu ogly Tariverdiev ( fa, حیدرخان عمواوغلی تاریوردی; az, حیدرخان عمواوغلی تاریوردی; December 20, 1880 – October 15, 1921) was an Iranian left-wing revolution ...

, one of the leaders of the

Constitutional Revolution of Iran The Persian Constitutional Revolution ( fa, مشروطیت, Mashrūtiyyat, or ''Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh''), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution led to the establishment of a par ...

, was elected as its general secretary. Its foundation came about as a result of the establishment of the

Soviet Republic of Gilan The Persian Socialist Soviet Republic ( fa, ), also known as the Soviet Republic of Iran or Socialist Soviet Republic of Gilan, was a short-lived unrecognized state, a Soviet republic in the Iranian province of Gilan that lasted from June 1920 ...

, earlier that year, by

Mirza Kouchak Khan Mirza Kuchik Khan ( fa, میرزا كوچک خان) (common alternative spellings ''Kouchek'', ''Koochek'', ''Kuchak'', ''Kuchek'', ''Kouchak'', ''Koochak'', ''Kuçek'') (October 12, 1880 – December 2, 1921) was an Iranian twentieth-century ...

and his ''Jangali'' ("Foresters' Movement") insurgents. The party was banned in 1921 (coinciding with the defeat of the

), though members continued activities underground until the foundation of the

Tudeh Party The Tudeh Party of Iran ( fa-at, حزب تودۀ ایران, Ḥezb-e Tūde-ye Īrān, lit=Party of the Masses of Iran) is an Iranian communist party. Formed in 1941, with Soleiman Mirza Eskandari as its head, it had considerable influence in i ...

in 1941, which thereafter became the official communist party in the country.

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