Acraea Umbra
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''Bematistes umbra'', the clouded bematistes, is a
butterfly Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...
in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in
Gambia The Gambia,, ff, Gammbi, ar, غامبيا officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa. It is the smallest country within mainland AfricaHoare, Ben. (2002) ''The Kingfisher A-Z Encyclopedia'', Kingfisher Publicatio ...
,
Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau ( ; pt, Guiné-Bissau; ff, italic=no, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮, Gine-Bisaawo, script=Adlm; Mandinka: ''Gine-Bisawo''), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau ( pt, República da Guiné-Bissau, links=no ) ...
,
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone,)]. officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Covering a total area of , Sierra ...
,
Liberia Liberia (), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to Liberia–Sierra Leone border, its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean ...
,
Ivory Coast Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital is Yamoussoukro, in the centre of the country, while its largest city and economic centre is ...
,
Ghana Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and To ...
,
Togo Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (french: République togolaise), is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its c ...
,
Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...
,
Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the C ...
,
Gabon Gabon (; ; snq, Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (french: République gabonaise), is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. Located on the equator, it is bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north ...
,
Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...
, the
Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...
,
Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territor ...
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Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...
,
Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...
and
Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most cent ...
.


Description

. ''P. umbra'' Drury (58 f, called male but certainly a female) is a species not yet quite accurately known, which closely approximates to the preceding alcinoe'' ">Bematistes_alcinoe.html" ;"title="''Bematistes alcinoe">alcinoe'' It was described by Drury from a female from Sierra Leone, in which the basal part of the forewing is dark yellow-brown and the transverse band is entirely absent; also the basal part of the hindwing is dark brown-yellow to beyond the middle with the usual black dots at the base. The female here figured as "male" thus agrees very exactly with Drury's figure and description. Another female form, ''fasciata'' ab. nov., which occurs in the Cameroons, differs in having the base of both wings still darker smoky brown, whilst the forewing bears a white transverse band, very narrow and almost broken up into spots; on the upperside this transverse band only occurs in cellules 2-6, is only about 2 mm. in breadth, forms in 2 and in 3 two free or almost free triangular spots and is placed far beyond the apex of the cell, so that the base of cellules 3-6 is broadly black; thus this female differs entirely from those of the preceding species (''alcinoe''). A specimen of this form was bred by Professor Sjostedt; the larva was entirely light red, somewhat inclining to violet, with black spines; the pupa is whitish with black markings and on the back of the abdomen (on segments 3-5) armed with three pairs of long, thick spines, hooked at the tips; these spines are yellow-red at the base and the two last are longer than the rest; the head bears two long, divaricating horns, distally armed with a small tooth. - A form very similar to ''P. alcinoe'' is usually regarded as the male of ''umbra'' , but differs in its larger size, the narrower or indistinct transverse band of the fore wing and the narrower dark marginal band on the upperside of the hindwing; as the transverse band of the forewing touches the apex of the cell, fills up the base of cellule 3 and has undivided spots in cellules 1 b and 2, it seems improbable that this male belongs to a female which differs in all these characters. ''P. macarioides'' has the hindwing above dirty yellow-brown to beyond the middle without a distinct boundary-line between the somewhat darker basal part and the median band. The transverse band of the fore wing in the male is somewhat lighter and narrower than in the male of ''Bematistes macaria">macaria''.- ''macarioides'' Auriv. ( = ''rabuma'' Suff.) (57 f, 58 e and 58 f, as ''umbra'' female ) is larger and has in the male the basal part of the forewing at least in the cell blackish; the dark distal part of the hindwing above is broader and more distinctly defined. Cameroons


Subspecies

*''B. u. umbra'' (Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, western Cameroon) *''B. u. carpenteri'' (Le Doux, 1937) (Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea) *''B. u. hemileuca'' (Jordan, 1914) (eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya: west to the Kakamega Forest) *''B. u. macarioides'' (Aurivillius, 1893) (Cameroon, Gabon, western Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, north-western Tanzania, Zambia)


Biology

The habitat consists of forests. The larvae feed on ''Adenia cisampelloides''.


Taxonomy

See Pierre & Bernaud, 2014 Pierre & Bernau, 2014 Classification et Liste Synonymique des Taxons du Genre ''Acraea'
pdf
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References


External links


''Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde'' 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 57
''f'' ssp. ''macarioides''
''Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde'' 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 58
''e'' ssp. ''macarioides'' ''f'' ''umbra''
Images representing ''Acraea umbra''
at
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Images representing ''Acraea umbra macarioides''
at Bold Butterflies described in 1782 Acraeini {{Heliconiinae-stub