Acraea Cepheus
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''Acraea cepheus'', the Cepheus acraea, is a
butterfly Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...
of the family
Nymphalidae The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a red ...
. It is found in
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
, from
Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...
and
Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...
to
Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territor ...
, western
Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...
and
Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most cent ...
.


Description

''A. cepheus'' L. (54 f) differs from all the African Acraeids known to me in the hindwing having a submarginal dot in cellule 7, so that there are 3 black dots in this cellule ; the forewing has a black transverse streak at the middle and one at the apex of the cell and large discal dots, of which the one in 1 b is nearer to the distal margin than that in 2 and those in cellules 3 to 6 form a transverse band, at least in the male the submarginal dots are often united with the black marginal band. The marginal band of the hindwing is 2 mm. in breadth, proximally dentate on the veins, above unicolorous, beneath spotted with light yellow, and the discal dots are approximated to the base; beneath the ground-colour is light yellowish to whitish, with large red or orange-yellow spots between the black dots and at the marginal band. In the type-form, described by Linne and figured by Clerck from the type in his rare work ''Icones insectorum'', the forewing has in 3 to 6 beyond the discal dots a light subapical band, which in the male is red-yellow, in the female white; in the basal part of the forewing is red-yellow as far as the submarginal dots in lb and 2 and the discal dots in 3 to 6, and the hindwing above red-yellow, black-scaled at the base; in the female both wings above are black-grey with smaller dots than in the male; the hindwing often somewhat tinged with yellowish. Gold Coast to Angola and the Soudan. -''abdera'' Hew. now_species_''Acraea_abdera''_.html" ;"title="Acraea_abdera.html" ;"title="now species ''Acraea abdera">now species ''Acraea abdera'' ">Acraea_abdera.html" ;"title="now species ''Acraea abdera">now species ''Acraea abdera'' 54 f male) differs in the absence of the light subapical band of the forewing and in having both wings above more broadly black at the base. Nigeria to the Congo.- In ''eginopsis'' Auriv.[now subspecies of ''Acraea abdera''] the forewing of the male has a blackish ground-colour above and has only in the distal half of cellules 1 a and 1 b a large red-yellow spot; the hindwing coloured as in the type-form. Sierra Leone to Togoland. - female ab. ''pheusaca'' Suff. Forewing above yellow-brown as far as the ochre-yellow subapical band, with the black dots small or absent; hindwing above brown-yellow with small discal dots; occurs together with ''abdera''. female-ab. ''sucepha'' Suff. Wings above with red-yellow ground-colour as in the male and the forewing with white subapical band. Marginal band of the hindwing above with yellow marginal spots. Among the type-form. - female ab. ''nigrescens'' Eltr. ow forma of ''abdera'' (54 f; as ''abdera'' female). Both wings above black-brown with distinct black dots; the hindwing above somewhat lighter before the marginal band; the latter with marginal spots; is probably the female of ''eginopsis''. Sierra Leone.Aurivillius, .O.. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. ''Die Grosschmetterlinge der Erde'' Band 13: Abt. 2, ''Die exotischen Grosschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter'', 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart.


Biology

The habitat consists of forests. The larvae feed on '' Caloncoba welwitschii'' and '' Lindackeria dentata''.


Taxonomy

It is a member of the ''Acraea cepheus''
species group In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...
.


References


External links


Images representing ''Acraea cepheus''
at
Bold In typography, emphasis is the strengthening of words in a text with a font in a different style from the rest of the text, to highlight them. It is the equivalent of prosody stress in speech. Methods and use The most common methods in W ...
{{Taxonbar, from=Q4674853 cepheus Butterflies of Africa Butterflies described in 1758 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus