Achille Pierre Deffontaines (16 February 1858 – 26 August 1914) was a French general. He served in various metropolitan infantry regiments before becoming a staff officer in several divisions and army corps. Deffontaines became the youngest general in France on his promotion to

général de brigade Brigadier general or Brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed to ...

in 1913. He led the 24th Infantry Division into action in Belgium in one of the opening battles of the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. Deffontaines was shot in the head while commanding his troops in the field on 22 August and died in hospital four days later. He was the youngest French general to die during the war.

Early career

Born on 16 February 1858 at Bouvines, Deffontaines was from a family of farmers from the region. He joined the Ecole Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr as an officer cadet on 30 October 1878. He was promoted to cadet first class on 22 December 1879 and to corporal on 21 March 1880. His graduation class was named for the Zulu race, which had recently fought in the

Anglo-Zulu War The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Following the passing of the British North America Act of 1867 forming a federation in Canada, Lord Carnarvon thought that a similar political effort, cou ...

, and he was commissioned into the 28th Infantry Regiment as a ''

sous lieutenant Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces, comparable to NATO OF-1 rank. Australia The rank of second lieutenant existed in the military forces of the Australian colonies and Australian Army until ...

'' (second lieutenant) on 10 October 1880. Deffontaines saw active service on campaign in Africa from 9 October to 15 December 1882. Promoted to lieutenant in the 87th Infantry Regiment on 12 July 1884, he transferred to the 101st Infantry Regiment on 29 February 1888. He received promotion to ''capitaine'' ( captain) on 12 July 1890 at which point he also became regimental adjutant. He served in this capacity until 20 November. The following year, he transferred to the 11th Infantry Regiment.

Staff officer and general

Deffontaines became a

staff officer A military staff or general staff (also referred to as army staff, navy staff, or air staff within the individual services) is a group of officers, enlisted and civilian staff who serve the commander of a division or other large military ...

with the 8th Infantry Division on 29 October 1891. He transferred to the same position with the 7th Infantry Division on 21 October 1892 and with the 10th Infantry Division on 6 June 1893. Deffontaines sought permission from his commanding officer to marry and did so, to Josephine, on 13 May 1893. He joined the staff of the 12th Army Corps on 31 August 1893, but left on 24 December 1894 to join the 63rd Infantry Regiment. Deffontaines was promoted to ''

chef de bataillon Major (commandant in certain jurisdictions) is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicators ...

'' (major) in the 8th Infantry Regiment on 17 April 1898 and joined the staff of 10th Army Corps on 23 November 1900. He was appointed a chevalier in the

Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...

on 29 December 1900. In 1913 he was promoted to the rank of

(brigadier general), becoming the youngest general in France at the time.

First World War

Upon the outbreak of war Deffontaines had command of the 5th Infantry Brigade and was acting commander of the 24th Infantry Division. Whilst leading his division into battle at

Robelmont Robelmont (Gaumais: ''Roubiémont'') is a village of Wallonia and a district of the municipality of Meix-devant-Virton, located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium. The asteroid 1145 Robelmonte is named after the village, in honour of the ast ...

(near

Meix-devant-Virton Meix-devant-Virton (, literally ''Meix before Virton''; Gaumais: ''Minch-duvant-Vèrtan''; wa, Méch-divant-Vierton) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium. On 1 January 2017 the municipality had 2,812 inhab ...

, Belgium) on 22 August he was shot in the head and grievously wounded. Deffontaines was one of 27,000 French soldiers to fall in battle that day and was taken to a military hospital in Reims. He died there on 26 August and would be the youngest French general to die in the war. His son, Officer Cadet Jean Deffontaines, was also killed in action fighting with the 8th Infantry Regiment on 10 June 1915.

Honors

Deffontaines was buried in a family tomb in Bouvines in 1921. The tomb was restored by

Le Souvenir français Le Souvenir français is a French association for maintaining war memorials and war memory, comparable to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. It was created in 1887 in the departments of Alsace and Lorraine. Young women in traditional dress ...

, who installed a commemorative plaque, and unveiled on 22 August 2014 by General Guy Delamarre. The centenary of his death was commemorated in Bouvines and the Fort de Seclin also maintains a memorial in his honor. A rough interpretation of

's article on his commemoration notes the sad irony of his early passing: "One could also call him 'General Forgotten.' Killed in action too early to be in the annals of the great war and yet what a man, what a career and what a temperament. Fate, the mission and example symbolized in this general who is a tribute to all sacrificed in the First World War."

References

External links

* * * List of French Generals killed in the First World War French Wikipedia * http://www.ecole-superieure-de-guerre.fr/promotions/biographie/658 {{DEFAULTSORT:Deffontaines, Achille Pierre 1858 births 1914 deaths Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur French generals French military personnel killed in World War I People from Nord (French department)