History
The establishment of the academy in 1992 follows several previous organizations: * Royal Czech Society of Doctrines (Královská česká společnost nauk), 1784–1952 * (Česká akademie věd a umění), 1890–1952 * Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Československá akademie věd), 1953-1992 In 2010 the academy adopted an open access policy to make its research outputs free to read and reuse.Institutes of the Czech Academy of Sciences
The official structure of the CAS consists of three areas (sciences about inanimate nature, life sciences, and humanities), each with three sections. Each of these 9 sections contains between 4 and 8 institutes. An institute is divided further into departments, laboratories, or working teams, depending on the size and the topic of the institute.The Area of the Sciences About Inanimate Nature
Section 1: Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics
* Astronomical institute ''(Astronomický ústav),'' founded in 1954 * Institute of Physics * Institute of Mathematics * Institute of Computer Science (ICS) * Nuclear Physics Institute *Section 2: Applied Physics
* Institute of Photonics and Electronics * Institute of Physics of Materials * Institute of Plasma Physics * Institute of Hydrodynamics * Institute of Scientific InstrumentsSection 3: Earth Sciences
* Geophysical Institute * Institute of Geology * Institute of Atmospheric Physics, established in 1964 * Institute of Geonics * Institute of Rock Structure and MechanicsThe Area of Life Sciences and Chemical Sciences
Section 4: Chemical Sciences
* Institute of Inorganic Chemistry * J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry (''Ústav fyzikální chemie Jaroslava Heyrovského,'' named after__Section_5:_Biological_and_Medical_Sciences_
*_Institute_of_Biophysics *_Biotechnology_Institute *_Institute_of_Physiology *_Institute_of_Microbiology *_Institute_of_Experimental_Botany *_Institute_of_Experimental_Medicine,_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_Czech_Republic.html" "title="Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry__Section_6:_Biological_and_Ecological_Sciences_
*_Biology_Centre *_Institute_of_Botany *_Institute_of_Vertebrate_Biology *_Institute_of_Systems_Biology_and_Ecology__The_Area_of_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_
__Section_7:_Social_Sciences_and_Economy_
*_Economics_Institute_(EI)_(departments:_CERGE-EI.html" ;"title="Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistrySection 5: Biological and Medical Sciences
* Institute of Biophysics * Biotechnology Institute * Institute of Physiology * Institute of Microbiology * Institute of Experimental Botany * Institute_of_Experimental_Medicine__Section_6:_Biological_and_Ecological_Sciences_
*_Biology_Centre *_Institute_of_Botany *_Institute_of_Vertebrate_Biology *_Institute_of_Systems_Biology_and_Ecology__The_Area_of_Humanities_and_Social_Sciences_
__Section_7:_Social_Sciences_and_Economy_
*_Economics_Institute_(EI)_(departments:_CERGE-EI">Center_for_Economic_Research_and_Graduate_Education_(CERGE),_founded_1991) *_Institute_of_Psychology *_Institute_of_Sociology *_Institute_of_State_and_Law__Section_8:_History_
*_Institute_of_Archaeology_(Prague) *_Institute_of_Archaeology_(Brno) *_Institute_of_History *_Masaryk's_Institute_and_Archives *_Institute_of_Art_History *_Institute_of_Contemporary_History__Section_9:_Humanities_and_Philosophy_
*_Institute_of_Ethnology_ *_Institute_of_Philosophy_(and_its_specialized_department_Centre_for_Medieval_Studies,_Prague.html" ;"title="Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic">Institute of Experimental Medicine The Institute of Experimental Education in St Petersburg is one of the oldest scientific establishments in Russia. It was founded by Alexander of Oldenburg in 1888 along the lines of Louis Pasteur's Pasteur Institute The Pasteur Institute (f ...Section 6: Biological and Ecological Sciences
* Biology Centre * Institute of Botany * Institute of Vertebrate Biology * Institute of Systems Biology and EcologyThe Area of Humanities and Social Sciences
Section 7: Social Sciences and Economy
* Economics Institute (EI) (departments: Center_for_Economic_Research_and_Graduate_Education_(CERGE),_founded_1991) *_Institute_of_Psychology *_Institute_of_Sociology *_Institute_of_State_and_Law__Section_8:_History_
*_Institute_of_Archaeology_(Prague) *_Institute_of_Archaeology_(Brno) *_Institute_of_History *_Masaryk's_Institute_and_Archives *_Institute_of_Art_History *_Institute_of_Contemporary_History__Section_9:_Humanities_and_Philosophy_
*_Institute_of_Ethnology_ *_Institute_of_Philosophy_(and_its_specialized_department_Centre_for_Medieval_Studies,_Prague">Centre_for_Medieval_Studies) *_Oriental_Institute *_Institute_of_Slavonic_Studies *_Institute_of_Czech_Literature *_Czech_Language_Institute.html" ;"title="CERGE-EI">Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education (CERGE), founded 1991) * Institute of Psychology * Institute of Sociology * Institute of State and LawSection 8: History
* Institute of Archaeology (Prague) * Institute of Archaeology (Brno) * Institute of History * Masaryk's Institute and Archives * Institute of Art History * Institute of Contemporary HistorySection 9: Humanities and Philosophy
* Institute of Ethnology * Institute of Philosophy (and its specialized department Centre for Medieval Studies, Prague">Centre for Medieval Studies) * Oriental Institute * Institute of Slavonic Studies * Institute of Czech Literature * Czech Language Institute">Institute of Czech Language, ''(Ústav pro jazyk český),'' founded in 1946Literature
*See also
*Amalka Supercomputing facilityReferences
External links