Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
: ''Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua'';
Quechua
Quechua may refer to:
*Quechua people, several indigenous ethnic groups in South America, especially in Peru
*Quechuan languages, a Native South American language family spoken primarily in the Andes, derived from a common ancestral language
**So ...
: ''Qhichwa Simi Hamut'ana Kuraq Suntur'') or AMLQ is a Peruvian organization dedicated to the research, promotion, and dissemination of the Quechua language.
History
In 1954 Faustino Espinoza Navarro s/small>, working with other Quechua-speaking artists, founded the ''Academia de la Lengua Quechua'' (Academy of the Quechua Language). The Academy argued that ''Qhapaq Simi'', translated as
Cusco Quechua
Cuzco Quechua ( qu, Qusqu qhichwa simi) is a dialect of Southern Quechua spoken in Cuzco and the Cuzco Region of Peru.
It is the Quechua variety used by the Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua in Cuzco, which also prefers the Spanish-based five- ...
, "Imperial Quechua," or "Inka Quechua," was the purest form of Quechua and should be taught in Quechua language schools; they rejected the ''Runa Simi'' that was spoken in everyday life. On December 10, 1958, the government of
Manuel Prado Ugarteche
Manuel Carlos Prado y Ugarteche (April 21, 1889 – August 15, 1967) was a banker who served twice as President of Peru. Son of former president Mariano Ignacio Prado, he was born in Lima and served as the nation's 43rd (1939 - 1945) and 46th (1 ...
officially recognized the organization, under the name ''Academia Peruana de la Lengua Quechua'' (Peruvian Academy of the Quechua Language).
On May 27, 1975, the government of
Juan Velasco Alvarado
Juan Francisco Velasco Alvarado (June 16, 1910 – December 24, 1977) was a Peruvian general who served as the President of Peru after a successful coup d'état against Fernando Belaúnde's presidency in 1968. Under his presidency, nationalism ...
made Quechua an official language of Peru. The law establishing its official status prescribed the five-vowel system; in 1983, professional Quechua and
Aymara
Aymara may refer to:
Languages and people
* Aymaran languages, the second most widespread Andean language
** Aymara language, the main language within that family
** Central Aymara, the other surviving branch of the Aymara(n) family, which today ...
experts from all over Peru decided to implement an orthography with just three vowels: ''a'', ''i'', and ''u''. This decision was controversial, with factions of linguists both supporting it and opposing it. The Academy did not approve of the shift, and continues to use the five-vowel system.
In 1990, Law Number 25260 established a Quechua language academy in
Cusco
Cusco, often spelled Cuzco (; qu, Qusqu ()), is a city in Southeastern Peru near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region and of the Cusco Province. The city is the list of cities in Peru, seventh m ...
. Although the law did not mention the name "High Academy of the Quecha Language," the law marked the beginning of the AMLQ's transition to its modern form, culminating in the creation of its guiding statutes in 2009.
The Institution
The Higher Academy was created on June 8th, 1990, by , which establishes there should be a Quechua language academy in Cusco, without referring exclusively to the AMLQ. On the other hand, the commission to establish the statutes was not created until 2009, although it had been recognized as a decentralized organization in 2007.
The mission of the institution is to ensure the purity of the Quechua language, to stimulate development of literature in this language and the linguistic study.
The Higher Academy of the Quechua Language follows utilizing the Peruvian Quechua version of the alphabet from 1976 with five vowels. Because of this, it writes ''Qosqo'' and not ''Qusqu'' for "Cusco." According to the AMLQ, Presidential Resolution No. 001 from the 12th of October in 1990 "ratifies the Basic Imperial Quechua Alphabet of 1975 composed of 31 graphemes: five vowels and 26 consonants from ''Qosqo Puno''."
David Samanez Florez from the AMLQ to this day tries to demonstrate the ''cusqueño'' origins of the Quechua language even though, according to investigations by Parker (1963) and Torero (1964), the Quechua languages originated in the Central Sierra of Peru.
Quechua World Congresses
The Third World Congress of Quechua, Yuyayyaku Wawakuna, was held in Salta in October 2004.At the convention, decisions included tasks of the Academy and its affiliates, such as putting in pace the original phonetics and phonology of Quechua