''Acacia bivenosa'', commonly known as two-nerved wattle, two-veined wattle or hill umbrella bush, is a species of ''

Acacia ''Acacia'', commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially, it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa and Australasia. The genus na ...

'' found in northern

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

. Other names for this species are derived from several

Australian language Australia legally has no official language. However, English is by far the most commonly spoken and has been entrenched as the ''de facto'' national language since European settlement. "English has no de jure status but it is so entrenched ...

s. The Kurrama peoples know the plant as ''murrurpa'', ''murrurbaor'' and ''morama'', the Panyjima call it ''mururru'' and the Nyangumarta ''mururr''.

Description

The bushy glabrous shrub has a rounded to spreading habit and normally in height, sometimes reaching and usually to a width of . The bark is smooth and a light grey colour. The narrowly elliptic to oblong-elliptic or obovate to oblanceolate,

phyllode Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stems, which are leaf-like in appearance and function. In some plants, these become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the ...

s have a length of and a width of . It produces yellow flowers from April to November. The simple

inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed o ...

s have globular heads with a diameter of about containing 16 to 32 rich golden flowers. Following flowering woody light brown

seed pod This page provides a glossary of plant morphology. Botanists and other biologists who study plant morphology use a number of different terms to classify and identify plant organs and parts that can be observed using no more than a handheld magnify ...

s form that are long and . The pods have a straight to shallowly curved shape and contains glossy, dark brown to black seeds that are arranged longitudinally inside. The seeds have an obloid-ellipsoid shape and are long and with a red to orange

aril An aril (pronounced ), also called an arillus, is a specialized outgrowth from a seed that partly or completely covers the seed. An arillode or false aril is sometimes distinguished: whereas an aril grows from the attachment point of the see ...

Taxonomy

The species was first formally described by the botanist

Augustin Pyramus de Candolle Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candol ...

in the work ''Leguminosae. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis''. Synonyms for the species include ''Acacia elliptica'', ''Acacia binervosa'', ''Acacia bivenosa'' var. ''borealis'' and ''Acacia bivenosa'' subsp. ''bivenosa''. It was briefly reclassified as ''Racosperma bivenosum'' in 2003 by

Leslie Pedley Leslie Pedley (19 May 1930 – 27 November 2018)IPNILeslie Pedley/ref> was an Australian botanist who specialised in the genus ''Acacia''. He is notable for bringing into use the generic name ''Racosperma'', creating a split in the genus, which r ...

before being reverted to the current name in 2006. A group of ''Acacia'' known as the ''A. bivenosa group'' of plants with similar features contains 12 species including; '' A. ampliceps'', ''A. bivenosa'', '' A. cupularis'', '' A. didyma'', '' A. ligulata'', '' A. rostellifera'', '' A. salicina'', '' A. sclerosperma'', '' A. startii'', '' A. telmica'', '' A. tysonii'' and '' A. xanthina''.

Distribution and habitat

It is widespread in

arid A region is arid when it severely lacks available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life. Regions with arid climates tend to lack vegetation and are called xeric or desertic. Most ar ...

areas of northern Australia. It is common in the

Pilbara The Pilbara () is a large, dry, thinly populated region in the north of Western Australia. It is known for its Aboriginal peoples; its ancient landscapes; the red earth; and its vast mineral deposits, in particular iron ore. It is also a glo ...

and

Kimberley Kimberly or Kimberley may refer to: Places and historical events Australia * Kimberley (Western Australia) ** Roman Catholic Diocese of Kimberley * Kimberley Warm Springs, Tasmania * Kimberley, Tasmania a small town * County of Kimberley, a ...

regions of

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...

. Also found in the

Northern Territory The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory ...

and western

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

, north of 25°S, with an outlier on

Dorre Island Dorre Island is one of three islands that make up the ''Bernier and Dorre Island Nature Reserve'' in the Shark Bay World Heritage area in Western Australia. The island was named after Peter Dorre, the pilot of a Dutch vessel, the '' Eendracht'' ...

Shark Bay Shark Bay (Malgana: ''Gathaagudu'', "two waters") is a World Heritage Site in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. The http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/shark-bay area is located approximately north of Perth, on the ...

, Western Australia. It grows in various kinds of soils, including coastal sand, on rocky hills and gullies, in shrubland and open woodland, and is often associated with spinifex.

Uses

The bush can be heavily grazed by stock, especially as a seedling.

Indigenous Australian Indigenous Australians or Australian First Nations are people with familial heritage from, and membership in, the ethnic groups that lived in Australia before British colonisation. They consist of two distinct groups: the Aboriginal peoples ...

s used to find edible grubs from around the roots. It is often used in

land rehabilitation Land rehabilitation as a part of environmental remediation is the process of returning the land in a given area to some degree of its former state, after some process (industry, natural disasters, etc.) has resulted in its damage. Many projects ...

as a primary colonizer. It is commercially available in seed form for garden planting in dry environments.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q4670877 bivenosa Trees of Australia Fabales of Australia Acacias of Western Australia Plants described in 1825 Flora of the Northern Territory Flora of Queensland Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle

Description

Taxonomy

Distribution and habitat

Uses

See also

References