''Acacia binervata'', commonly known as two-veined hickory, is a shrub or tree that is
endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...
to eastern
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
.
Description
The tall shrub reaching in height or tree to in height has an erect to spreading habit with grey-black or grey-brown coloured bark that can be smooth or rough. The
glabrous branchlets are angled toward the apices.
It has
phyllode
Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stems, which are leaf-like in appearance and function. In some plants, these become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the ...
s instead of true leaves which have two prominent veins (giving the plant its species name ''binervata''). The evergreen phyllodes have a narrowly elliptic to broadly elliptic or occasionally lanceolate shape and are straight or sometimes subfalcate with a length of and a width of . It blooms between August and November producing
inflorescence
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed o ...
s that occur in groups of three to twelve in the axillary racemes. The spherical flower-heads have a diameter of and contain 30 to 50 pale yellow to almost white coloured flowers. The firmly papery to leathery
seed pod
This page provides a glossary of plant morphology. Botanists and other biologists who study plant morphology use a number of different terms to classify and identify plant organs and parts that can be observed using no more than a handheld magnify ...
s that form after flowering are straight and flat and can be constricted between the seeds. The pods are in length and wide with longitudinally arranged seeds inside.
[ The shiny black seeds have an oblong-elliptic shape with a length of around and with a black ]aril
An aril (pronounced ), also called an arillus, is a specialized outgrowth from a seed that partly or completely covers the seed. An arillode or false aril is sometimes distinguished: whereas an aril grows from the attachment point of the see ...
.[
]
Taxonomy
The species was first formally described by the botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1825 as part of the work ''Leguminosae. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis''. It was later reclassified as ''Racosperma binervatum'' in 1987 by Leslie Pedley
Leslie Pedley (19 May 1930 – 27 November 2018)IPNILeslie Pedley/ref> was an Australian botanist who specialised in the genus ''Acacia''. He is notable for bringing into use the generic name ''Racosperma'', creating a split in the genus, which r ...
then transferred back to genus ''Acacia'' in 2014. The only other synonym is ''Acacia umbrosa''.
Distribution
The plant is found down the east coast of Australia from south east Queensland
)
, nickname = Sunshine State
, image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, established_ ...
through much of coastal New South Wales
)
, nickname =
, image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates:
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, es ...
. It is found from around Narooma
Narooma is a town in the Australian state of New South Wales on the far south coast. The town is on the Princes Highway, which crosses the Wagonga Inlet to North Narooma. The heritage town of Central Tilba is nearby to the south.
The name Naro ...
in southern New South Wales to around Mittagong in the west[ up to around the Mount Tambourine area in southern Queensland.]basalt
Basalt (; ) is an aphanite, aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the planetary surface, surface of a terrestrial ...
ic soils as a part of tall sclerophyll forest
Sclerophyll is a type of vegetation that is adapted to long periods of dryness and heat. The plants feature hard leaves, short internodes (the distance between leaves along the stem) and leaf orientation which is parallel or oblique to direct ...
or on the margins of rainforest communities.[
]
Cultivation
The plant can be grown from seed, though the seed must be scarified prior to planting. It is a hardy and fast growing plant that copes well in damp areas and prefers full sun or part shade positions. It is a dense shade tree or shelter tree or hedge that is frost
Frost is a thin layer of ice on a solid surface, which forms from water vapor in an above-freezing atmosphere coming in contact with a solid surface whose temperature is below freezing, and resulting in a phase change from water vapor (a gas) ...
hardy.Plant pathogen
Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomyc ...
and fungal species '' Sarcostroma acaciae'' is found on various species of ''Acacia'' including ''Acacia binervata'' in Australia. They cause leaf spots.[Kenneth Malcolm Old, Su See Lee and J. K. Sharma (Editors) ]
See also
* List of ''Acacia'' species
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2583078
binervata
Trees of Australia
Fabales of Australia
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Queensland
Plants described in 1852
Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle