Guillaume-Abel Blouet (6 October 1795 – 7 May 1853) was a French architect who specialised in

prison design Penology (from "penal", Latin ''poena'', "punishment" and the Ancient Greek, Greek suffix ''-logy, -logia'', "study of") is a sub-component of criminology that deals with the philosophy and practice of various societies in their attempts to repres ...

Biography

Blouet was born at

Passy Passy () is an area of Paris, France, located in the 16th arrondissement, on the Right Bank. It is home to many of the city's wealthiest residents. Passy was a commune on the outskirts of Paris. In 1658, hot springs were discovered around whic ...

. He won the Grand

Prix de Rome The Prix de Rome () or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them t ...

in 1821 at the

École des Beaux-Arts École des Beaux-Arts (; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth century ...

, entitling him to five years' study at the

French Academy in Rome The French Academy in Rome (french: Académie de France à Rome) is an Academy located in the Villa Medici, within the Villa Borghese, on the Pincio (Pincian Hill) in Rome, Italy. History The Academy was founded at the Palazzo Capranica in 1 ...

. The study of Roman architecture that was expected from students at the

French Academy at Rome The French Academy in Rome (french: Académie de France à Rome) is an Academy located in the Villa Medici, within the Villa Borghese, on the Pincio (Pincian Hill) in Rome, Italy. History The Academy was founded at the Palazzo Capranica in 16 ...

resulted in his speculative restoration of the original construction of the

Baths of Caracalla The Baths of Caracalla ( it, Terme di Caracalla) in Rome, Italy, were the city's second largest Ancient Rome, Roman public baths, or ''thermae'', after the Baths of Diocletian. The baths were likely built between AD 212 (or 211) and 216/217, durin ...

, ''Restauration des thermes d'Antonin Caracalla, à Rome, présentée en 1826 et dédiée en 1827 à l'Académie des Beaux-Arts'' (1828). The

Institut de France The (; ) is a French learned society, grouping five , including the Académie Française. It was established in 1795 at the direction of the National Convention. Located on the Quai de Conti in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the institute m ...

appointed Blouet the head of the fine arts section of the French

Morea expedition The Morea expedition (french: link=no, Expédition de Morée) is the name given to the land intervention of the French Army in the PeloponneseMorea is the name of the Peloponnese region in Greece, which was mainly used from the medieval peri ...

1828–1833, the second of three great military-scientific expeditions led by France in the first half of the 19th century, in which geologists and antiquarians accompanied an expedition with military objectives, in this case to deport all Ottoman nationals from the

Morea The Morea ( el, Μορέας or ) was the name of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. The name was used for the Byzantine province known as the Despotate of the Morea, by the Ottoman ...

, a turning-point in the

Greek War of Independence The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful war of independence by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1829. The Greeks were later assisted by ...

. In the course of the expedition he established the identity of the

Temple of Zeus at Olympia The Temple of Zeus at Olympia was an ancient Greek temple in Olympia, Greece, dedicated to the god Zeus. The temple, built in the second quarter of the fifth century BC, was the very model of the fully developed classical Greek temple of the Dor ...

(1829), which was measured and carefully drawn and published. Having overseen the completion of the

Arc de Triomphe The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile (, , ; ) is one of the most famous monuments in Paris, France, standing at the western end of the Champs-Élysées at the centre of Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly named Place de l'Étoile—the ''étoile'' ...

(1831–36), he toured the United States in 1836, together with Frédéric-Auguste Demetz, a penal reformer and lawyer at the French Royal Court, to study American prison architecture and administration for the French Ministry of the Interior. Upon Blouet's return to Paris he devoted himself to the reform of prison design and in 1838 was appointed to the new post of Inspector General of French Prisons, which brought with it, ''ex officio'', a seat on the Conseil des bâtiments civiles, the official national body that succeeded the

Bâtiments du Roi The Bâtiments du Roi (, "King's Buildings") was a division of the Maison du Roi ("King's Household") in France under the Ancien Régime. It was responsible for building works at the King's residences in and around Paris. History The Bâtiments ...

of the Ancien Régime. Blouet believed in using architecture to realize social reform and together with Demetz worked on the design and layout of the buildings for the

Mettray Penal Colony Mettray Penal Colony, situated in the small village of Mettray, in the French département of Indre-et-Loire, just north of the city of Tours, was a private reformatory, ''without walls'', opened in 1840 for the rehabilitation of young male delinq ...

, an agricultural

reform school A reform school was a penal institution, generally for teenagers mainly operating between 1830 and 1900. In the United Kingdom and its colonies reformatories commonly called reform schools were set up from 1854 onwards for youngsters who were ...

, which was initially directed by Demetz after its opening in July 1839. It was noted as being officially opened on 22 January 1840."Model prisons", ''The New York Times'', 25 August 1873
/ref> In 1846 he was appointed a professor at the

École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts The Beaux-Arts de Paris is a French ''grande école'' whose primary mission is to provide high-level arts education and training. This is classical and historical School of Fine Arts in France. The art school, which is part of the Paris Science ...

, where his pupils included Jules Pellechet. In 1848, when his post of Inspector General of Prisons was eliminated in a reorganization, he was given in compensation the position of architect in charge of the Palais de Fontainebleau, which was to be a center of court life under the

French Second Empire The Second French Empire (; officially the French Empire, ), was the 18-year Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 14 January 1852 to 27 October 1870, between the Second and the Third Republic of France. Historians in the 1930s a ...

. He revised and completed the ''Traité théorique et pratique de l'art de bâtir'' of

Jean-Baptiste Rondelet Jean-Baptiste Rondelet (4 June 1743 – 25 September 1829) was an architectural theorist of the late Enlightenment era and chief architect of the church of Sainte-Geneviève after the death of Jacques Germain Soufflot of cancer in 1780. Rond ...

(1847). He was elected to the

Académie des Beaux-Arts An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, ...

in 1850. He died in Paris in 1853.

Principal publications

* ''Restauration des thermes d'Antonin Caracalla, à Rome, présentée en 1826 et dédiée en 1827 à l'Académie des Beaux-Arts'' (1828)
''Expedition scientifique de Morée ordonnée par le Gouvernement Français; Architecture, Sculptures, Inscriptions et Vues du Péloponèse, des Cyclades et de l'Attique'', mesurées, dessinées, recueillies et publiées''
(Abel Blouet, with Amable Ravoisié, Achille Poirot, Félix Trézel and Frédéric de Gournay) (3 volumes, 1831–1838) * ''Rapports à M. le Comte de Montalivet, sur les pénitenciers des États-Unis'', by Frédéric-Auguste Demetz and Abel Blouet (1837) * ''Chutes du Niagara''

Niagara Falls Niagara Falls () is a group of three waterfalls at the southern end of Niagara Gorge, spanning the border between the province of Ontario in Canada and the state of New York in the United States. The largest of the three is Horseshoe Falls, ...

, drawn from nature in March 1837 by A. Blouet, lithographed by C. Remond (1838) * A volume of prison designs, with Hector Horeau and Harou Romain (1841)Noted in Van Zanten 1989:17. * ''Projet de prison cellulaire pour 585 condamnés, précédé d'Observations sur le système pénitentiaire'' (1843) The design had been shown at the

Paris Salon The Salon (french: Salon), or rarely Paris Salon (French: ''Salon de Paris'' ), beginning in 1667 was the official art exhibition of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Between 1748 and 1890 it was arguably the greatest annual or biennial art ...

of 1843. * ''Traité théorique et pratique de l'art de bâtir de Jean Rondelet''. Supplément by G.-Abel Blouet

Notes

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Blouet, Guillaume-Abel 1795 births 1853 deaths Architects from Paris 19th-century French architects Prix de Rome for architecture École des Beaux-Arts alumni Members of the Académie des beaux-arts