Abdullah bin Ali Al Rashid (1788–1848) was the founder of the

Emirate of Jabal Shammar The Emirate of Jabal Shammar ( ar, إِمَارَة جَبَل شَمَّر), also known as the Emirate of Haʾil () or the Rashidi Emirate (), was a state in the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula, including Najd, existing from the mid-nin ...

. He founded the Emirate in 1836 and ruled it until 1848. He was called Sheikh due to his noble lineage and military ability.

Biography

Abdullah was the eldest son of Ali Al Rashid. The family were from the Jafar clan of the Abdih section of the

Shammar tribe The tribe of Shammar ( ar, شَمَّر, Šammar) is a tribal Arab Qahtan confederation, descended from the Yemeni tribe of Tayy as they originated in Yemen before migrating into present day Saudi Arabia, It is the biggest branch of Tayy tribe. I ...

. He had a younger brother, Ubayd, with whom he founded the Emirate. They were both major Nabati poets. Abdullah was very influential in Ha'il which caused him to be forced out of the region by Mohammed bin Ali, his cousin and ruler of the regin. Another reason for his exile was his challenging the rule of Muhammad bin Ali. Therefore, he left Ha'il and settled in

Riyadh Riyadh (, ar, الرياض, 'ar-Riyāḍ, lit.: 'The Gardens' Najdi pronunciation: ), formerly known as Hajr al-Yamamah, is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia. It is also the capital of the Riyadh Province and the centre of the R ...

where he became a companion of Faisal bin Turki Al Saud, the ruler of the

Second Saudi State The Emirate of Nejd or Imamate of Nejd was the Second Saudi State, existing between 1824 and 1891 in Nejd, the regions of Riyadh and Ha'il of what is now Saudi Arabia. Saudi rule was restored to central and eastern Arabia after the Emirate of D ...

. Abdullah supported Faisal against the latter's cousin Mishari bin Abdul Rahman. In fact, it was Abdullah bin Ali who murdered Mishari in 1834. Faisal bin Turki named Abdullah bin Ali as governor of Ha'il the same year. Then he became the sole ruler of the region after he defeated his cousin. Abdullah bin Rashid announced his loyalty to Faisal bin Turki, Emir of Najd, and permitted a

Wahhabi Wahhabism ( ar, ٱلْوَهَّابِيَةُ, translit=al-Wahhābiyyah) is a Sunni Islamic revivalist and fundamentalist movement associated with the reformist doctrines of the 18th-century Arabian Islamic scholar, theologian, preacher, an ...

qadi A qāḍī ( ar, قاضي, Qāḍī; otherwise transliterated as qazi, cadi, kadi, or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of a '' sharīʿa'' court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and mino ...

to settle in Hail. However, when Faisal bin Turki was arrested and sent by the Egyptian forces led by

Mohammad Ali Pasha Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha, also known as Muhammad Ali of Egypt and the Sudan ( sq, Mehmet Ali Pasha, ar, محمد علي باشا, ; ota, محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا; ; 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849), was ...

to exile in

Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...

, Abdullah bin Rashid declared his independence from Al Saud in 1836. During his cooperation with Faisal bin Turki he married one of his daughters, Al Jawhara. Under Abdullah Al Rashid's leadership, the

Rashidi dynasty The Rasheed dynasty, also called Al Rasheed or the House of Rasheed ( ar, آل رشيد ; ), was a historic Arabian House or dynasty that existed in the Arabian Peninsula between 1836 and 1921. Its members were rulers of the Emirate of Ha'il an ...

contended with the

Najd Najd ( ar, نَجْدٌ, ), or the Nejd, forms the geographic center of Saudi Arabia, accounting for about a third of the country's modern population and, since the Emirate of Diriyah, acting as the base for all unification campaigns by the H ...

and the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

in Iraq. He was succeeded by his son, Talal, in 1848. He had two other sons, Mutaib and

Mohammed Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monoth ...

. His state fell to the Saudis in 1921.

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rashid, Abdullah Ali 19th-century monarchs in the Middle East 19th-century poets from the Ottoman Empire 1788 births 1848 deaths Arabs from the Ottoman Empire House of Rashid People from Ha'il Politicians of the Ottoman Empire 19th-century Saudi Arabian poets