Abdolsamad Kambakhsh ( fa, عبدالصمد کامبخش, ʿAbd-ul-Ṣamad Kāmbaḵš, birth name Abdolsamad Adle Qajar; 1902 or 1903 – 1971) son of Prince Kamran Mirza Adle Qajar, also known by his aliases as Abdolsamad Qanbari or the Red Prince, was an

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

political activist. n the early 1925 he married feminist activist Dr. Akhtar Kianouri ( fa, اختر کیانوری).

Noureddin Kianouri Noureddin Kianouri ( fa, نورالدین کیانوری; 1915–1999) was an Iranian construction engineer, Urban planner Professor of Bauakademie der DDR in Berlin and a communist political leader. He studied first at University of Tehran unti ...

the younger brother of Dr. Akhtar Kianouri grew up in their house. He educated three times in Russia, first time before 1917 Russian Revolution in a Military School, Second in

Military Academy A military academy or service academy is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps. It normally provides education in a military environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned. ...

and later graduated as Aeroengineer &

military A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ...

instructor, and third times started as aspirant in Economical Sciences and Later graduated as Dr of Historical science from

Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...

. He was the first and only Iranian member of

Communist International The Communist International (Comintern), also known as the Third International, was a Soviet-controlled international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism. The Comintern resolved at its Second Congress to "struggle by a ...

(Comintern). He was the author of some books such as “The

October Revolution The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment ...

and Liberation Movements in

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

” & “Fifty Years of the

Proletarian The proletariat (; ) is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose only possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work). A member of such a class is a proletarian. Marxist philoso ...

Party in Iran”, “Reminiscences on the Educational Society in

Qazvin Qazvin (; fa, قزوین, , also Romanized as ''Qazvīn'', ''Qazwin'', ''Kazvin'', ''Kasvin'', ''Caspin'', ''Casbin'', ''Casbeen'', or ''Ghazvin'') is the largest city and capital of the Province of Qazvin in Iran. Qazvin was a capital of the ...

”, “Reflections on the History of the Tudeh (Communist) Part”, “The Formation of the Tudeh (Left) Party”, “The Tudeh Party in the Struggle to Create a Democratic United”, “Notes on the History of the Iranian Army”, Articles/Books about “History of the Azerbaijan Movement”, “The failure of the movement in Azerbaijan and Kurdistan ”, and “History of the Khorasan Movement”. But his ref. book and dissertation was Comments on the Workers’ and Communist Movement in Iran (Nazari Beh Jonbeshi Kargari va Komunist-i dar Iran) in two cover, first cover in 290 Pages. The first volums of the book

is about the only organized resistance against the pro-

Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and then ...

Coalition and Regime during the

Reza Shah Reza Shah Pahlavi ( fa, رضا شاه پهلوی; ; originally Reza Khan (); 15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was an Iranian Officer (armed forces), military officer, politician (who served as Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (Iran), ...

era. From CIA Point of view Abdossamad Kambakhsh was the founder of

Tudeh Party The Tudeh Party of Iran ( fa-at, حزب تودۀ ایران, Ḥezb-e Tūde-ye Īrān, lit=Party of the Masses of Iran) is an Iranian communist party. Formed in 1941, with Soleiman Mirza Eskandari as its head, it had considerable influence in i ...

and Azerbaijan Movement. From Point of view of Russian he was the Iranian represent in

(Comintern) and one of them. From point of view of Iranians he was the "Voice of Russia" in Iran. Kambakhsh was member of the " group of fifty-three", he was an influential member of the

Tudeh Party of Iran The Tudeh Party of Iran ( fa-at, حزب تودۀ ایران, Ḥezb-e Tūde-ye Īrān, lit=Party of the Masses of Iran) is an Iranian communist party. Formed in 1941, with Soleiman Mirza Eskandari as its head, it had considerable influence in i ...

and belonged to the party's hardline faction.

Political life

Kambakhsh, who was to be a prominent Tudeh leader in future years, was also one of the few “Fifty-three” with experience in the youth section of the Communist party. The son of a Qajar prince, he was born and raised in Qazvin and sent to study in Russia in 1915. Deeply impressed by the Bolshevik Revolution, he joined the Socialist and Communist Parties upon returning to Qazvin, and helped organize the local educational society. Despite his political affiliations, the government sent him to Russia in 1927 to study mechanical engineering. At the time of his arrest in 1937, Kabakhsh was an instructor of engineering at the military academy and the manager of the army mechanics school outside Tehran. The contacts he developed in these years proved highly useful later when the Tudeh decided to form cells within the military. In the introduction of Kambakhsh's book the Workers’ and Communist Movement in Iran,

Ehsan Tabari Ehsan Tabari ( fa, احسان طبری; 8 February 1917 – 29 April 1989) was an Iranian philosopher, poet, and a literary giant who played a major role in modernization in literature and cultural enlightenment in the twentieth century in Iran. ...

names him as the only Iranian trusted by

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...

and the Soviets.

Bibliography

* A Review of the Workers 'and

Communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

Movement in Iran: A Collection of Articles by Kambakhsh, Abdolsamad, 1350-1282. * the Revolutionary

Social Democracy Social democracy is a Political philosophy, political, Social philosophy, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocati ...

in the

Constitutional Revolution The Persian Constitutional Revolution ( fa, مشروطیت, Mashrūtiyyat, or ''Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh''), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution led to the establishment of a par ...

* History of the Tudeh Party of Iran * From the beginning till the second congress of Tudeh Party of Iran * About the Second Congress of Party of Iran (

Urmia Urmia or Orumiyeh ( fa, ارومیه, Variously transliterated as ''Oroumieh'', ''Oroumiyeh'', ''Orūmīyeh'' and ''Urūmiyeh''.) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran and the capital of Urmia County. It is situated at an alt ...

Congress) * Tudeh Party of Iran - The Age of Public Struggle * From the formation of the Tudeh Party of Iran till the first congress * From the first state conference to the first congress of Tudeh Party of Iran * First Party Congress of Tudeh Party of Iran * From the first party congress to the

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...

i movement * The failure of the movement in

and

Kurdistan Kurdistan ( ku, کوردستان ,Kurdistan ; lit. "land of the Kurds") or Greater Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo-cultural territory in Western Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, Kurdish la ...

* End of open public activity for Tudeh Party of Iran * The Tudeh Party of Iran's struggle against imperialism and internal reaction in private * About the activities of the Revolutionary

and the

Communist Party A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A ...

** The role of the Tudeh Party of Iran in the history of the liberation movement of our homeland * The Tudeh Party of Iran in the struggle to form a united national and democratic front * A glimpse of the history of the Iranian army and the democratic struggles within it * Certificate of a life history * Volume 2 of the book The Iranian Workers' and Communist Movement, Dr. Kambakhsh Encyclopedia (untranslated into German and Russian)

Anti-Russian Campaign and pro Fascists in Iran and point of view about Abdossamad Kambakhsh

Kambakhsh was known for his close connections to the Soviet intelligence agencies, including the

OGPU The Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU; russian: Объединённое государственное политическое управление) was the intelligence and state security service and secret police of the Soviet Union f ...

, the

NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (russian: Наро́дный комиссариа́т вну́тренних дел, Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del, ), abbreviated NKVD ( ), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union. ...

and the

KGB The KGB (russian: links=no, lit=Committee for State Security, Комитет государственной безопасности (КГБ), a=ru-KGB.ogg, p=kəmʲɪˈtʲet ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)əj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ, Komitet gosud ...

. Scholar

Maziar Behrooz Maziar Behrooz ( fa, مازیار بهروز; born 1959), is an Iranian-born American historian of modern Iran, and educator. He lives in Berkeley, California. Biography Maziar Behrooz was born in 1959 in Tehran to parents Sara Khosrovi-Aza ...

argues that "Kambakhsh was not a theorist but a party functionary with strong personal connections to the Soviets".

Early life and education

Kambakhsh was born in 1902 or 1903 in

, and came from an aristocrat

Qajar Qajar Iran (), also referred to as Qajar Persia, the Qajar Empire, '. Sublime State of Persia, officially the Sublime State of Iran ( fa, دولت علیّه ایران ') and also known then as the Guarded Domains of Iran ( fa, ممالک م ...

family. He was grown up in his birthplace, and went to study in

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

in 1915. Inspired by the

Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution was a period of Political revolution (Trotskyism), political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire which began during the First World War. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and ad ...

, he returned to Iran and joined the

Socialist Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the e ...

and

parties. He then resided in

Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...

and became a factory manager. Despite his political leanings, the Persian government granted him a scholarship in 1927 and he was sent to Russia for university. At

Moscow University M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ...

, he studied aeronautics between 1928 and 1932.

Career

He represented Tudeh in the

22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union The 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (russian: XXII съезд КПСС) was held from 17 to 31 October 1961. In fourteen days of sessions (22 October was a day off), 4,413 delegates, in addition to delegates from 83 foreign ...

. According to written statements of Khosro Rouzbeh in military court, Kambakhsh initiated the activities of

Tudeh Military Network The Officers' Organization ( fa, سازمان افسران) or the Military Organization ( fa, سازمان نظامی) of the Tudeh Party, also known as Tudeh Military Network, was an intelligence gathering network that infiltrated the Iranian Arm ...

in early 1944. In the first

congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of a ...

of Tudeh held in August 1944, Kambakhsh was elected to the

central committee Central committee is the common designation of a standing administrative body of Communist party, communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, of both ruling and nonruling parties of former and existing socialist states. In such party org ...

. After the 1946 Azerbaijan revolt, he was prosecuted with a warrant and as a result he fled the country. The military tribunal sentenced him to death in absentia, forcing him into exile until his death.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kambakhsh, Abdossamad 1900s births 1971 deaths Iranian prisoners and detainees Imperial Iranian Air Force personnel Iranian people convicted of spying for the Soviet Union Tudeh Military Network members Central Committee of the Tudeh Party of Iran members Second Secretaries of Tudeh Party of Iran Tudeh Party of Iran MPs Foreign Communist Party of the Soviet Union members Iranian expatriates in East Germany Iranian expatriates in the Soviet Union Iranian aviators Socialist Party (Iran) politicians Moscow State University alumni Members of the 14th Iranian Majlis People sentenced to death in absentia People from Qazvin Communist Party of Persia politicians