ʿAbd-Al-Razzāq B. ʿAlī B. Al-Hosayn Lāhījī (died c. 1072
AH 662 CE was an Iranian theologian, poet and philosopher.
[W. Madelung, "ʿABD-AL-RAZZĀQ LĀHĪJĪ" in ''Encyclopaedia Iranica''](_blank)
/ref> His mentor in philosophy was his father-in-law Mulla Sadra
Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, more commonly known as Mullā Ṣadrā ( fa, ملا صدرا; ar, صدر المتألهین) (c. 1571/2 – c. 1635/40 CE / 980 – 1050 AH), was a Persian Twelver Shi'i Islamic mystic, philosopher, the ...
.
Life
Hailing from Lahijan
Lahijan ( fa, لاهیجان, Lāhijān, also known as, Lāyjon in Gilaki) is a city near the Caspian Sea and the capital of Lahijan County, Gilan Province, Iran. According to the 2016 census, its population was 167,544 in 58,378 families.
La ...
in Gilan, he spent most of his life in Qom. Abd al—Razzaq was a son-in-law of Mulla Sadra
Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, more commonly known as Mullā Ṣadrā ( fa, ملا صدرا; ar, صدر المتألهین) (c. 1571/2 – c. 1635/40 CE / 980 – 1050 AH), was a Persian Twelver Shi'i Islamic mystic, philosopher, the ...
along with Molla Mohsen Feyz Kashani. His son Hasan would become another prominent theologian and philosopher of the Safavid dynasty. Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Seyyed Hossein Nasr (; fa, سید حسین نصر, born April 7, 1933) is an Iranian philosopher and University Professor of Islamic studies at George Washington University.
Born in Tehran, Nasr completed his education in Iran and the United St ...
knows him among the intellectual figures in Persia. Abd al—Razzaq was in agreement with Molla Sadra as to the contrast between primacy of quiddity
In scholastic philosophy, "quiddity" (; Latin: ''quidditas'') was another term for the essence of an object, literally its "whatness" or "what it is".
Etymology
The term "quiddity" derives from the Latin word ''quidditas'', which was used by the ...
and primacy of existence.
Works
*''Gawhar-e morād'' (Tehran, 1271 AH), a detailed exposition of his theology
*''Sarmāya-ye īmān''
*''Dīvān'', a volume of his poetry
*''Tašrīqāt'', three treatises on divine unity, justice and love
Teaching and pupils
According to Madlung, Abd-Razzaq taught at the Masumieh madrasah. There his prominent pupils included his sons Hasan and Ebrahim as well as Qazi Saeed Qommi.
Philosophy
Lāhīǰī stands at the end of a transition in Islamic scholastic theology in which the thought system of ''kalam
''ʿIlm al-Kalām'' ( ar, عِلْم الكَلام, literally "science of discourse"), usually foreshortened to ''Kalām'' and sometimes called "Islamic scholastic theology" or "speculative theology", is the philosophical study of Islamic doc ...
'' was gradually replaced by that of ''falsafa
Islamic philosophy is philosophy that emerges from the Islamic tradition. Two terms traditionally used in the Islamic world are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa (literally: "philosophy"), which refers to philosophy as well as logi ...
'', heavily influenced by the school of Avicenna
Ibn Sina ( fa, ابن سینا; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, philosophers, and writers of the Islamic G ...
. Lahiji in fact developed a form of Kalam which is hardly distinguishable from Hikmat, although at least in his better known works such as the "Gawhar-e morād" he does not follow the main doctrinal teachings of Mulla Sadra, as on the unity of Being and the catharsis of the faculty of imagination.[Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6 - The Timurid and Safavid Periods, p.691]
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lahiji, Abd Al-Razzaq
17th-century Persian-language poets
Islamic philosophers
Iranian Sufis
17th-century Iranian philosophers
People from Lahijan
17th-century writers of Safavid Iran
Safavid theologians