Abbas Amir-Entezam

Abbas Amir-Entezam ( fa, عباس امیرانتظام, 18 August 1932 – 12 July 2018) was an Iranian politician who served as deputy prime minister in the Interim Cabinet of Mehdi Bazargan in 1979. In 1981 he was sentenced to life imprisonment on charges of spying for the U.S., a charge critics suggest was a cover for retaliation against his early opposition to theocratic government in Iran. He was "the longest-held political prisoner in the Islamic Republic of Iran".Burning candle. Honoring Abbas Amir-Entezam on the 25th anniversary of his arrest
Iranian, Masoud Kazemzadeh, 21 December 2004 According to Fariba Amini, as of 2006 he had "been in jail for 17 years." In July 2018, he died while serving his life sentence, seving more than 38 years as a politcal prisoner.

Early life and education

Entezam was born into a middle-class family in Tehran in 1932. He studied electro mechanical engineering at University of Tehran and graduated in 1955.

In 1956, Entezam left Iran for study at A.S.T.E.F. Institute (Paris). He then went to the U.S. and completed his postgraduate education at the University of California in Berkeley.

Career

After graduation, he remained in the US and worked as an entrepreneur.The official web site of Mr. Entezam
click on Biography

Around 1970 Entezam's mother was dying and he returned to Iran to be with her. Because of his earlier political activities, the Shah's Intelligence Service would not allow him to return to the U.S. He stayed in Iran, marrying, becoming a father and developing a business in partnership with his friend and mentor, Mehdi Bazargan. Bazargan appointed him as the head of the political bureau of the Freedom Movement of Iran in December 1978, replacing Mohammad Tavasoli. In 1979, the Shah was overthrown by the Iranian Revolution. Revolutionary leader Ayatollah Khomeini, recently returned to Iran, appointed Bazargan as prime minister of the provisional revolutionary government. "Bazargan asks Entezam to be the deputy prime minister and the official spokesperson for the new government."

According to Entezam's website:

Following the orders of the Prime Minister, Entezam sets out to rebuild the relationship between the US and the post-revolutionary Iran. He retains diplomatic contacts with the US embassy, advocating for normalization of the relationship between the two countries.

While serving as deputy prime minister in April 1979 Entezam actively advocated the retirement of army officers from the rank of brigadier general. In 1979, Entezam "succeeded in having the majority of the cabinet sign a letter opposing the Assembly of Experts", which was drawing up the new theocratic constitution where democratic bodies were subordinant to clerical bodies. His theocratic opponents attacked him and in August 1979 Bazargan "appointed Entezam to become Iran's ambassador to Denmark."

Imprisonment

In December 1979 Iranian authorities asked Entezam with a letter from foreign minister Sadeq Qotbzadeh (actually a forged letter by Kamal Kharazi deputy foreign minister who was close to clerics and became foreign minister later), who had been serving as ambassador to Sweden, to come back quickly to Tehran. Although the Swedish foreign minister alarmed Amir-Entezam of the plot against him, he returned to Iran Upon returning to Tehran, he was arrested because of allegations based on some documents retrieved from the U.S. embassy takeover, and imprisoned for a life term. He was released in 1998 but in less than 3 months, he was rearrested because of an interview with '' Tous'' daily newspaper, one of the reformist newspapers of the time.

In smuggled letters, Entezam related that on three separate occasions, he had been blindfolded and taken to the execution chamber - once being kept "there two full days while the Imam contemplated his death warrant." He spent 555 days in solitary confinement, and in cells so "overcrowded that inmates took turns sleeping on the floor - each person rationed to three hours of sleep every 24 hours." During his imprisonment, Entezam experienced permanent ear damage, developed spinal deformities, and suffered from various skin disorders."Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran
Ervand Abrahamian, University of California Press, 1999, p. 140

Death

Entezam died of a heart attack in Tehran on 12 July 2018. He was buried the following day in Behesht e Zahra cemetery, with Ayatollah Montazeri's son leading the funeral prayer.

Awards and honors

* Bruno Kreisky Prize (1998)
* Jan Karski Award for Moral Courage (2003)

See also

*Human rights in Iran

References

External links

Time: Stalking the Conspirators
''Time'', 28 July 1980
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Amir Entezam, Abbas
1932 births
2018 deaths
Politicians from Tehran
20th-century Iranian politicians
20th-century Iranian engineers
Iranian mechanical engineers
University of Tehran alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Iranian democracy activists
National Front (Iran) politicians
Spokespersons of the Government of Iran
Iranian Vice Ministers
Iranian emigrants to France
Iranian emigrants to the United States
Ambassadors of Iran to Sweden
Iranian prisoners and detainees
Exiles of the Iranian Revolution in France
Heads of political office of the Freedom Movement of Iran
Members of the National Council for Peace