Aarti

''Arti'' (Sanskrit: Ārātrika, Hindi: Ārtī) is a Hindu ritual employed in worship, often part of '' puja'', in which light (usually from a flame) is offered to one or more deities. ''Arti(s)'' also refers to the songs sung in praise of the deity, when the light is being offered.

Origin

Arti is derived from the Sanskrit word () which means something that removes , darkness (or light waved in darkness before an icon). A Marathi language reference says it is also known as ( sa, महानीराञ्जना).

''Arti'' is said to have descended from the Vedic concept of fire rituals, or '' homa/yajna''. In the traditional ''arti'' ceremony, the flower represents the earth (solidity), the water and accompanying handkerchief correspond with the water element (liquidity), the ghee or oil lamp represents the fire component (heat), the peacock fan conveys the precious quality of air (movement), and the yak-tail fan represents the subtle form of ether (space). The incense represents a purified state of mind, and one's "intelligence" is offered through the adherence to rules of timing and order of offerings. Thus, one's entire existence and all facets of material creation are symbolically offered to God via the ''arti'' ceremony. The word may also refer to the traditional Hindu devotional song that is sung during the ritual.

Practice

''Arti'' can range from simple acts of worship to extravagant rituals, but always includes jyot (flame or light). It is sometimes performed one to five times daily, and usually at the end of a '' puja'' and bhajan session (in northern India). It is performed during almost all Hindu ceremonies and occasions. It involves the circulating of an "''arti'' plate" or "''arti'' lamp" around a person or deity and is generally accompanied by the congregation singing songs in praise of that deva or person - many versions exist. In most versions the plate, lamp, or flame represents the power of the deity. The priest circulates the plate or lamp to all those present. They cup their down-turned hands over the flame and then raise their palms to their forehead – the blessing has now been passed to the devotee.

The ''arti'' plate is generally made of metal, usually silver, bronze or copper. On it must repose a lamp made of kneaded flour, mud or metal, filled with oil or ghee. One or more cotton wicks (always an odd number) are put into the oil and then lighted, or camphor is burnt instead. The plate may also contain flowers, incense and akshata (rice). In some temples, a plate is not used and the priest holds the ghee lamp in his hand when offering it to the Deities.

The purpose of performing ''arti'' is the waving of lighted wicks before the deities in a spirit of humility and gratitude, wherein faithful followers become immersed in god's divine form. It symbolises the five elements:
# Space ()
# Wind ()
# Fire ()
# Water ()
# Earth ()

Community ''arti'' is performed in the mandir; however, devotees also perform it in their homes.

Significance

''Arti'' can be an expression of many things including love, benevolence, gratitude, prayers, or desires depending on the object it is done to/ for. For example, it can be a form of respect when performed to elders, prayers when performed to deities, or hope when performed for homes or vehicles. Emotions and prayers are often silent while doing ''arti'', but this is determined by the person carrying out the ritual or the holiday involved. It's also believed that goodwill and luck can be taken through symbolic hand movements over the flame.

When ''arti'' is performed, the performer faces the deity of god (or divine element, e.g. Ganges river) and concentrates on the form of god by looking into the eyes of the deity (it is said that eyes are the windows to the soul) to get immersed. The flame of the ''arti'' illuminates the various parts of the deity so that the performer and onlookers may better see and concentrate on the form. ''Arti'' is waved in circular fashion, in clockwise manner around the deity. After every circle (or second or third circle), when ''arti'' has reached the bottom (6–8 o'clock position), the performer waves it backwards while remaining in the bottom (4–6 o'clock position) and then continues waving it in clockwise fashion. The idea here is that ''arti'' represents our daily activities, which revolves around god, a center of our life. Looking at god while performing ''arti'' reminds the performer (and the attendees of the ''arti'') to keep god at the center of all activities and reinforces the understanding that routine worldly activities are secondary in importance. This understanding would give the believers strength to withstand the unexpected grief and keeps them humble and remindful of god during happy moments. Apart from worldly activities ''arti'' also represents one's self - thus, ''arti'' signifies that one is peripheral to godhead or divinity. This would keep one's ego down and help one remain humble in spite of high social and economic rank. A third commonly held understanding of the ritual is that ''arti'' serves as a reminder to stay vigilant so that the forces of material pleasures and desires cannot overcome the individual. Just as the lighted wick provides light and chases away darkness, the vigilance of an individual can keep away the influence of the material world.Rosen, Steven. Essential Hinduism. 1st. Westport: Praeger Publishers, 2006.

''Arti'' is not only limited to god. ''Arti'' can performed not only to all forms of life, but also inanimate objects which help in progress of the culture. This is exemplified by performer of the ''arti'' waving ''arti'' to all the devotees as the ''arti'' comes to the end – signifying that everyone has a part of god within that the performer respects and bows down to. It is also a common practice to perform ''arti'' to inanimate objects like vehicles, electronics etc. at least when a Hindu starts using it, just as a gesture of showing respect and praying that this object would help one excel in the work one would use it for. It is similar to the ritual of doing auspicious red mark(s) using ''kanku'' (''kumkum'') and rice.

Songs

Hinduism has a long tradition of ''arti'' songs, simply referred to as ''arti'', sung as an accompaniment to the ritual of ''arti''. It primarily eulogizes the deity that the ritual is being offered to, and several sects have their own versions of the common ''arti'' songs that are often sung on chorus at various temples, during evening and morning artis. Sometimes they also contain snippets of information on the life of the deity.

The most commonly sung ''arti'' is that which is dedicated to all deities called Om Jai Jagdish Hare, known as "the universal ''arti''". Other arti's are used for other deities as well such as Om Jai Shiv omkara, Om Jai Lakshmi mata, Om Jai Ambe gauri, Om Jai Adya Shakti, Om Jai Saraswati Mata, Om Jai Gange Mata, Om Jai Tulsi Mata and Om Jai Surya Bhagvaan. In Ganesha worship, the ''arti'' "Sukhakarta Dukhaharta" is popular in Maharashtra.

In Swaminarayan Mandirs, Jai Swaminarayan is the ''arti'' that is sung. In most temples in India, ''arti'' is performed at least twice a day, after the ceremonial '' puja'', which is the time when the largest number of devotees congregates.

In Pushtimarg Havelis, ''arti'' is performed by a sole ''mukhiyaji'' (priest) while "Haveli Sangit" (''kirtan'') is being sung. Devotees only watch the ''arti'' being done and do not get to take a major part in it. During bhajan or utsavs (festivals) celebrated at home, "Jai Jai Shree Yamuna" is sung while devotees perform ''arti''. It is said that Sandhya ''arti'' is done to see if Lord Shrinathji had gotten hurt while playing outside because it is performed after sundown.

In Sikhism the ''arti'' sung is Gagan mein thaal.

Gaudiya Vaishnavism

In Gaudiya Vaishnavism, ''arti'' refers to the whole '' puja'' ritual, of which offering the lamp is only one part. A shankha (conch) is blown to start the ''arti'', then an odd number of incense sticks are offered to the deity. The lamp is offered next, and then circulated among the devotees. A conch is then filled with water, and offered; the water is then poured into a sprinkler and sprinkled over the devotees. A cloth and flowers are then offered, and the flowers are circulated to the devotees, who sniff them. The deity is then fanned with a camara whisk, and a peacock fan in hot countries.

Durga Puja

During the Bengali festival Durga ''puja'' ritual drummers – '' dhakis,'' carrying large leather-strung '' dhak's'', show off their skills during ritual dance worships called ''arti'' or ''Dhunuchi dance''.

Sikhism

Amritsari Sikhs have not been performing ''arti'' as Hindus perform, but instead sing ''arti kirtan'', which are a few shabads from Guru Nanak, Ravidas and other Bhagats/Gurus. Nihangs recite Aarta before arti which includes some more shabads from the Dasam Granth and Sarabloh Granth. According to them, ''arti'' is the ''arti'' of divine wisdom, which is in form of Guru Granth Sahib. The concept is similar to bowing before Guru Granth Sahib on knees. Nihangs perform Aarti similar to how Hindus do (using lamps, incense, flowers, bells, conch shells at specific parts of the ceremony)

See also

* Arti (given name)
* Blessing
* Jai Jagdish Hare
* Jay Sadguru Swami
* Mantrapushpanjali
* Shankha

Notes

External links

Article about Aarti



Ganges Arati Video
QuickTime streaming video of worship of the Ganges in Haridwar
Aarti of all Hindu god

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Hindu music