ATM (ATM Turbo) is a ZX Spectrum clone, developed in

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

in 1991, by two firms, MicroArt and ATM. It offers enhanced characteristics, compared to the original

Spectrum A spectrum (plural ''spectra'' or ''spectrums'') is a condition that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary, without gaps, across a continuum. The word was first used scientifically in optics to describe the rainbow of colors i ...

, such as a ,

RAM Ram, ram, or RAM may refer to: Animals * A male sheep * Ram cichlid, a freshwater tropical fish People * Ram (given name) * Ram (surname) * Ram (director) (Ramsubramaniam), an Indian Tamil film director * RAM (musician) (born 1974), Dutch * Ra ...

ROM Rom, or ROM may refer to: Biomechanics and medicine * Risk of mortality, a medical classification to estimate the likelihood of death for a patient * Rupture of membranes, a term used during pregnancy to describe a rupture of the amniotic sac * R ...

, AY-8910 (two ones in upgraded models), 8-bit DAC, 8-bit 8-channel

ADC ADC may refer to: Science and medicine * ADC (gene), a human gene * AIDS dementia complex, neurological disorder associated with HIV and AIDS * Allyl diglycol carbonate or CR-39, a polymer * Antibody-drug conjugate, a type of anticancer treatment ...

RS-232 In telecommunications, RS-232 or Recommended Standard 232 is a standard originally introduced in 1960 for serial communication transmission of data. It formally defines signals connecting between a ''DTE'' (''data terminal equipment'') such a ...

Centronics Centronics Data Computer Corporation was an American manufacturer of computer printers, now remembered primarily for the parallel interface that bears its name, the Centronics connector. History Foundations Centronics began as a division o ...

Beta Disk Interface Beta Disk Interface is a disk interface for ZX Spectrum computers. It was developed by Technology Research Ltd. (United Kingdom), in 1984 and released in 1985 with price £109.25 (or £249.75 with one disk drive). Beta 128 Disk Interface is a 1987 ...

, IDE interface, AT/ XT keyboard, text mode (, , ), and three new graphics modes. The ATM can be

emulated In computing, an emulator is Computer hardware, hardware or software that enables one computer system (called the ''host'') to behave like another computer system (called the ''guest''). An emulator typically enables the host system to run so ...

in Unreal Speccy v0.27 and higher.

History

ATM was developed in 1991 based on the

Pentagon In geometry, a pentagon (from the Greek πέντε ''pente'' meaning ''five'' and γωνία ''gonia'' meaning ''angle'') is any five-sided polygon or 5-gon. The sum of the internal angles in a simple pentagon is 540°. A pentagon may be simpl ...

, a ZX Spectrum clone popular in Russia. In 1992 an upgraded model was introduced, named ATM Turbo 2. Up to 1994 the computer was produced ATM and MicroArt, then the firms separated and production ended. In 2004 NedoPC (

) resumed production. New versions called ATM Turbo 2+ and ZX Evolution were introduced.

Characteristics

Graphics modes

For compatibility purposes, the original

ZX Spectrum The ZX Spectrum () is an 8-bit computing, 8-bit home computer that was developed by Sinclair Research. It was released in the United Kingdom on 23 April 1982, and became Britain's best-selling microcomputer. Referred to during development as t ...

mode is available. New graphics modes offer expanded abilities: * mode, with 2 out of 16 colors per 8x1 pixels. Difference from Profi (computer) is that the ATM can use the full set for both ink and paper. * mode () is ordinary raster mode, but not similar to EGA (it is two-pixel chunky, not

planar Planar is an adjective meaning "relating to a plane (geometry)". Planar may also refer to: Science and technology * Planar (computer graphics), computer graphics pixel information from several bitplanes * Planar (transmission line technologies), ...

like EGA). Two games for this mode were converted directly from PC:

Prince of Persia ''Prince of Persia'' is a video game franchise created by Jordan Mechner. It is built around a series of action-adventure games focused on various incarnations of the eponymous Prince, set in ancient and medieval Persia. The first two games i ...

and

Goblins A goblin is a small, grotesque, monstrous creature that appears in the folklore of multiple European cultures. First attested in stories from the Middle Ages, they are ascribed conflicting abilities, temperaments, and appearances depending on t ...

, and one from

Sony PlayStation is a video gaming brand that consists of five home video game consoles, two handhelds, a media center, and a smartphone, as well as an online service and multiple magazines. The brand is produced by Sony Interactive Entertainment, a divi ...

Time Gal is an interactive movie video game developed and published by Taito and Toei Company, and originally released as a laserdisc game in Japan for the arcades in 1985. It is an action game which uses full motion video (FMV) to display the on-scree ...

. Some other games for this mode exist, like Ball Quest (released in August, 2006). Palette: * from a 64 color palette ( 6-bit RGB) can be set for all modes.

Operating systems

Sinclair BASIC Sinclair BASIC is a dialect of the programming language BASIC used in the 8-bit home computers from Sinclair Research and Timex Sinclair. The Sinclair BASIC interpreter was made by Nine Tiles Networks Ltd. History Sinclair BASIC was orig ...

, 128

, TR-DOS,

CP/M CP/M, originally standing for Control Program/Monitor and later Control Program for Microcomputers, is a mass-market operating system created in 1974 for Intel 8080/ 85-based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc. Initial ...

iS-DOS iS-DOS is a disk operating system (DOS) for Soviet/Russian ZX Spectrum clones. iS-DOS was developed in 1990 or 1991, by Iskra Soft, in Leningrad, Soviet Union, now Saint Petersburg, Russia. It handles floppy disks (double sided, double density ...

TASiS TASIS Schools, formally established as the TASIS Foundation, is a private Swiss foundation which operates a group of four international schools (including both day and boarding schools), operating in Switzerland, England, Portugal, and Puert ...

, DNA OS, Mr Gluk Reset Service.

Software

* ATM Turbo * Virtual TR-DOS

Models

Many models exist. Models before version 6.00 are called ATM 1, later models are called ATM 2(2+) or ATM Turbo 2(2+) or simply Turbo 2+. IDE interface is available since v6.00.JIO0UBH9BY8B9T7GVC6R The latest model is 7.18.

ATM Turbo 1 specifications (1991)

*Processor :

Zilog Z80 The Z80 is an 8-bit microprocessor introduced by Zilog as the startup company's first product. The Z80 was conceived by Federico Faggin in late 1974 and developed by him and his 11 employees starting in early 1975. The first working samples wer ...

at 3.5 and 7 MHz (turbo mode) *RAM : 128 to 512 KB *ROM : 64 to 128 KB *Memory manager: standard for

ZX Spectrum 128 The ZX Spectrum () is an 8-bit home computer that was developed by Sinclair Research. It was released in the United Kingdom on 23 April 1982, and became Britain's best-selling microcomputer. Referred to during development as the ''ZX81 Colour ...

(memory over 64KB is addressed through a window in the upper 16KB of address space), with the ability to include a zero page of RAM in the lower 16KB of the address space *Graphics video modes: Standard ZX Spectrum mode ( 256x192, 2 colors per block of 8x8 pixels from 16 colors), EGA-like mode 320x200, 16 colors per pixel; 640x200 high resolution mode, 2 out of 16 colors per 8x1 pixels *Color palette : 64 colors, 16 can be used at the same time *Firmware: BASIC48 / 128; TR-DOS;

2.2 *Supported external drives: tape recorder; drive *Sound devices: standard 1-bit bepper;

AY-3-8910 The AY-3-8910 is a 3-voice programmable sound generator (PSG) designed by General Instrument in 1978, initially for use with their 16-bit General Instrument CP1600, CP1610 or one of the PIC1650 series of 8-bit microcomputers. The AY-3-8910 and ...

;

Covox The Covox Speech Thing is an external audio device attached to the computer to output digital sound. It was composed of a primitive 8-bit DAC using a resistor ladder and an analogue signal output, and plugged into the printer port of the PC. ...

*Additional devices:

SECAM SECAM, also written SÉCAM (, ''Séquentiel de couleur à mémoire'', French for ''color sequential with memory''), is an analog color television system that was used in France, some parts of Europe and Africa, and Russia. It was one of th ...

encoder for connection to color TV; Single-channel DAC;

Modem A modulator-demodulator or modem is a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio. A modem transmits data by Modulation#Digital modulati ...

; Centronics interface for connecting a printer; Stereo audio amplifier 2x1W *Keyboard : mechanical matrix, standard for ZX Spectrum (40 keys, or extended, 64 keys) :ru:ATM Turbo

ATM Turbo 2 (1993)

New features (relative to ATM Turbo 1): *Memory manager: the ability to include any page of RAM or ROM in any of the quarters of the address space *Text mode: 80x25 text video mode, characters are stored in the character generator ROM. It is possible to set any of 16 colors for the symbol and background *Hardware vertical scrolling in EGA and 640x200 modes *Supported external drives: controller for IDE devices (hard drives of any capacity, CD-ROM ); Digital PLL added to

floppy controller A floppy-disk controller (FDC) has evolved from a discrete set of components on one or more circuit boards to a special-purpose integrated circuit (IC or "chip") or a component thereof. An FDC directs and controls reading from and writing to ...

*Additional devices: eight-channel DAC *Keyboard: XT keyboard support, on-chip RAM 537RU10 *Removed the following devices: SECAM encoder

ATM Turbo 2+

New features (comparing to ATM Turbo 2): *RAM: 128 to 1024 KB *Additional devices:

interface; Channel switch for DAC *Keyboard: support for XT and

AT keyboard The Model F was a series of computer keyboards produced mainly from 1981–1985 and in reduced volume until 1994 by IBM and later Lexmark. Its mechanical-key design consisted of a buckling spring over a capacitive PCB, similar to the later Model ...

s, based on the 1816BE31 (i8031) microcontroller *Removed the following devices: Modem *The xBIOS ROM has been specially developed for ATM Turbo 2+ with support for virtual floppies. Also for ATM Turbo 2 (+) there is a ROM version of Mr Gluk Reset Service.

ZX Evolution

New features (comparing to ATM Turbo 2+): *Turbo mode up to 14 MHz, switchable via menu and software *4MB RAM: both ATM Turbo 2 (+) and Pentagon 1024 Expanded Memory Supported *2 expansion slots according to the ZXBUS standard for connecting General Sound, etc. *Flexible architecture based on

FPGA A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturinghence the term '' field-programmable''. The FPGA configuration is generally specified using a hardware de ...

(EP1K50) - third-party firmware available *SD card with transparent BIOS support (EVO RESET SERVICE) *Added

VGA Video Graphics Array (VGA) is a video display controller and accompanying de facto graphics standard, first introduced with the IBM PS/2 line of computers in 1987, which became ubiquitous in the PC industry within three years. The term can now ...

video output *Non-volatile clock according to Mr Gluk standard, IDE interface according to Nemo standard, mouse according to Kempston Mouse standard *Video scan rate from the Pentagon computer, with full support of all border and multicolor effects

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atm (Computer) Computer-related introductions in 1991 ZX Spectrum clones Soviet computer systems