Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3D is a

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''APOBEC3D''

gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...

. This gene is a member of the

cytidine deaminase Cytidine deaminase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CDA'' gene. This gene encodes an enzyme involved in pyrimidine salvaging. The encoded protein forms a homotetramer that catalyzes the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of cytid ...

gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a

cluster may refer to: Science and technology Astronomy * Cluster (spacecraft), constellation of four European Space Agency spacecraft * Asteroid cluster, a small asteroid family * Cluster II (spacecraft), a European Space Agency mission to study t ...

, thought to result from gene duplication, on

chromosome 22 Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells. Humans normally have two copies of chromosome 22 in each cell. Chromosome 22 is the second smallest human chromosome, spanning about 49 million DNA base pairs and representing b ...

. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase

APOBEC1 Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1 also known as C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''APOBEC1'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the APOBEC protein family and the cytidine de ...

and

inhibit Inhibitor or inhibition may refer to: In biology * Enzyme inhibitor, a substance that binds to an enzyme and decreases the enzyme's activity * Reuptake inhibitor, a substance that increases neurotransmission by blocking the reuptake of a neurotr ...

retroviruses, such as

HIV The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of ''Lentivirus'' (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which progressive failure of the immune ...

, by deaminating

cytosine Cytosine () ( symbol C or Cyt) is one of the four nucleobases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an ...

residue Residue may refer to: Chemistry and biology * An amino acid, within a peptide chain * Crop residue, materials left after agricultural processes * Pesticide residue, refers to the pesticides that may remain on or in food after they are applied ...

s in

nascent Nascent may refer to: * '' Nascent'', a 2005 Australian dance film with choreography by Garry Stewart * '' Nascent (film)'', a 2016 Central African short documentary film by Lindsay Branham and Jon Kasbe See also * * * Nascent hydrogen, disc ...

retroviral cDNA.

References

Identification of APOBEC3DE as another antiretroviral factor from the human APOBEC family. Dang Y, Wang X, Esselman WJ, Zheng YH. J Virol. 2006 Nov;80(21):10522-33. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01123-06. Epub 2006 Aug 18.

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