AN-28

The Antonov An-28 ( NATO reporting name Cash) is a twin-engined light turboprop transport aircraft, developed from the Antonov An-14M. It was the winner of a competition against the Beriev Be-30, for use by Aeroflot as a short-range airliner. It first flew in 1969. A total of 191 were built and 16 remain in airline service as at August 2015. After a short pre-production series built by Antonov, it was licence-built in Poland by PZL-Mielec. In 1993, PZL-Mielec developed its own improved variant, the PZL M28 Skytruck.

Development

The An-28 is similar to the An-14 in many aspects, including its wing structure and twin rudders, but features an expanded fuselage and turboprop engines, in place of the An-14's piston engines. The An-28 first flew as a modified An-14 in 1969. The next preproduction model did not fly until 1975. In passenger carrying configuration, accommodation was provided for up to 15 people, in addition to the two-man crew.Green, W. 1976. ''The Observer's Book of Aircraft''. (25th ed.) Frederick Warne & Co. pp. 254. Production was transferred to PZL-Mielec in 1978. The first Polish-built aircraft did not fly until 1984. The An-28 finally received its Soviet type certificate in 1986.

Variants

;An-14A
:The original Antonov designation for an enlarged, twin-turboprop version of the An-14.
;An-14M
:Prototype.
;An-28
:Twin-engined short-range utility transport aircraft, three built.
;An-28RM Bryza 1RM
:Search and rescue, air ambulance aircraft.
;An-28TD Bryza 1TD
:Transport version.
;An-28PT
:Variant made in Poland with Pratt & Whitney PT6 engines first flown 22 July 1993.

Operators

Civil operators

Major operators of the 16 Antonov An-28 aircraft remaining in airline service include:
;
* Skiva Air (2)
;
* Vostok Airlines (3)
* SiLA (3)
;
* Tajik Air (2)

Former civilian operators

;
* Air Livonia
* Enimex
;
* Avluga-Trans (11)
;
* Kyrgyzstan Airlines (5)
;
* Tepavia Trans (4)
;
* Blue Wing Airlines – two as of December 2016.Hoyle 2016, p. 35.
;
* Tanzania Air Force Command – one as of December 2016.Hoyle 2016, p. 48.

Former military operators

;
* Djibouti Air Force two retired.
;
* Peruvian Army two in storage

Former operators

;
* Aeroflot
* Soviet Air Force

Notable accidents and incidents

;19 October 1992
: Aeroflot Flight 302 stalled and crashed shortly after takeoff from Ust-Nem, Russia following a loss of control due to engine failure, killing 15 of 16 on board.
:29 December 1999
: Ecuato Guineana (3C-JJI) An-28 crashed into the Black Sea off İnebolu, killing all six people on board.
;23 November 2001
:ELK Airways Flight 1007, an An-28 ''ES-NOV'' operated by Enimex, struck trees and crashed about 1.5 km from the airport while attempting to land in bad weather at Kärdla Airport, Estonia. Of the 14 passengers and 3 crew on board, 2 passengers were killed.
;29 August 2002
:Vostok Aviation Company Flight 359 struck a mountain slope near Ayan, Russia after the pilot descended too soon during the approach to Ayan, killing all 16 on board.
;25 May 2005
:A chartered Maniema Union An-28, owned by Victoria Air, crashed into a mountain near Walungu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, about 30 minutes after takeoff. All of the 22 passengers and five crew members were killed.
;3 August 2006
:A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 (9Q-COM) struck a mountainside in low cloud while descending for Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing all 17 on board.
;3 April 2008
:A Blue Wing Airlines