Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type II is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecule ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''ALOX15B''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
ALOX15B, also known as 15-lipoxygenase-2 (15-LO-2 or 15-LOX-2), is distinguished from its related oxygenase,
ALOX15 or 15-lipoxygenase-1.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the lipoxygenase family of structurally related nonheme iron dioxygenases involved in the production of fatty acid hydroperoxides. 15-LOX-2 has 38-39% amino acid sequence identity to human 15-LOX-1 and
12-lipoxygenase and 44% amino acid sequence identity to human
5-lipoxygenase
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, also known as ALOX5, 5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX, or 5-LO, is a non-heme iron-containing enzyme (EC 1.13.11.34) that in humans is encoded by the ''ALOX5'' gene. Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase is a member of the lipoxygenase fa ...
.
15-LOX-2 converts
arachidonic acid almost exclusively to the ''S'' stereoisomer of 15-Hydroperoxyicosatetraenoic acid which is commonly reduced to the ''S'' stereoisomer
15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by ubiquitous cellular
peroxidases
Peroxidases or peroxide reductases ( EC numberbr>1.11.1.x are a large group of enzymes which play a role in various biological processes. They are named after the fact that they commonly break up peroxides.
Functionality
Peroxidases typically ca ...
; it metabolizes linoleic acid less effectively, converting this fatty acid to the ''S'' stereoisomer of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid which is likewise rapidly reduced to the ''S'' stereoisomer of
13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid.
The ALOX15B gene is located in a cluster of related genes and a pseudogene that spans approximately 100 kilobases on the short arm of chromosome 17. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.
See also
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Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase
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15-hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid
15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (also termed 15-HETE, 15(''S'')-HETE, and 15''S''-HETE) is an eicosanoid, i.e. a metabolite of arachidonic acid. Various cell types metabolize arachidonic acid to 15(''S'')-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(''S' ...
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ALOX15
References
External links
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Further reading
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EC 1.13.11
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